Are Humans the Only Rational Animals?

While growing empirical evidence suggests a continuity between human and non-human psychology, many philosophers still think that only humans can act and form beliefs rationally. In this paper, we challenge this claim. We first clarify the notion of rationality. We then focus on the rationality of b...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Melis, Giacomo, Monso Gil, Susana
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Repositorio:e-spacio (DSpace). Repositorio Institucional de la UNED
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:e-spacio(ds_::3310f1d77b26bb0b4890b4850c09f1dc
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/32687
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:11 Lógica
72 Filosofía
rationality
non-human animals
belief revision
responsiveness to rea- sons
defeaters
epistemology
comparative psychology
Descripción
Sumario:While growing empirical evidence suggests a continuity between human and non-human psychology, many philosophers still think that only humans can act and form beliefs rationally. In this paper, we challenge this claim. We first clarify the notion of rationality. We then focus on the rationality of beliefs and argue that, in the relevant sense, humans are not the only rational animals. We do so by first distinguishing between unreflective and reflective responsiveness to epistemic reasons in belief formation and revision. We argue that unreflective responsiveness is clearly within the reach of many animals. We then defend that a key demonstration of reflective responsiveness would be the ability to respond to undermining defeaters. We end by presenting some empirical evidence that suggests that some animal species are capable of processing these defeaters, which would entail that even by the strictest standards, humans are not the only rational animals.