Decoding Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition initiated by the presence of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Underlying mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction, including impaired blood flow regulation, a pro-thrombotic state, inflammation...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Peracaula Domínguez, Míriam, Sebastián, Laura, Francisco Albesa, Iria, Bonnin Vilaplana, Marc, Rodriguez Chiaradía, Diego A., Tura-Ceide, Olga
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repository:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10256/26550
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10256/26550
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Embòlia pulmonar
Pulmonary embolism
Sistema cardiovascular -- Malalties
Cardiovascular system -- Diseases
Teràpia trombolítica
Thrombolytic therapy
Description
Summary:Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition initiated by the presence of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Underlying mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction, including impaired blood flow regulation, a pro-thrombotic state, inflammation, heightened oxidative stress, and altered vascular remodeling. These mechanisms contribute to vascular diseases stemming from PE, such as recurrent thromboembolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome, right heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. Detailing key risk factors and utilizing hemodynamic stability-based categorization, the review aims for precise risk stratification by applying established diagnostic tools and scoring systems. This article explores both conventional and emerging biomarkers as potential diagnostic tools. Additionally, by synthesizing existing knowledge, it provides a comprehensive outlook of the current enhanced PE management and preventive strategies. The conclusion underscores the need for future research to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness in PE