The implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in Catalonia
[eng] INTRODUCTION: The expansion of professional roles has been proved to be an innovative solution across some countries in order to help address healthcare integration, coordination, continuity, access and health care sustainability. The development and implementation of different roles in advanc...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/122932 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/122932 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585925 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Infermeria Tècniques d'infermeria Educació permanent Nursing Nursing care Continuing education |
| Sumario: | [eng] INTRODUCTION: The expansion of professional roles has been proved to be an innovative solution across some countries in order to help address healthcare integration, coordination, continuity, access and health care sustainability. The development and implementation of different roles in advanced practice nursing has been considered one of those innovations in pioneering healthcare reforms. The need for nurses to adapt their practice in all settings has been a necessary step to meet the demands of our changing health care system and to contribute to address objectives and sustainable development goals set by different human resources strategies. However, entwine with the development and implementation process of new nursing roles are its environment and context. In Catalonia, some nurses have evolved and adapted to international standards without the legal acknowledgment of advanced practice that other countries have. The evolution of these high-standard nurses shares the confusion with the international nursing profession about the terminology, specific function and scope of practice of other advanced practice nursing roles. Understanding changes made in nursing practice and how context affects implementation of these changes can be crucial to manage difficulties that arise during this process. Similarly, grasping how implementation of advance nursing roles affects practice, organization and national contexts can be essential to better predict and measure the impact of these innovations in healthcare. OBJECTIVES: In order to gain an enhanced evaluation of the implementation of advanced practice nursing in Catalonia this study presents a workforce role delineation in Catalonia and a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of context in Catalonia, Spain and Quebec, Canada. METHODOLOGY: The research had two stages. In Stage 1, the study intended to collect data on the practice of those working in advanced practice roles. A translation, cross- cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the Modified Advanced Practice Role Delineation (APRD) tool was performed followed by a role delineation study of advanced practice nursing. A cross-sectional survey of practice domains and trends in role functions was implemented through a cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study. The study population were Spanish specialist nurses and expert nurses that have been previously identified by the authors as nurses with a more advanced competency profile than a general nurse in Spain. The study had a convenience sample of 151 nurses employed by a dual tertiary and community hospital in Barcelona, Spain. The data was collected over six months in 2015 -2016. The tool comprised 41 items across five domains of advanced practice nursing (direct comprehensive care, support of systems, research, education and publication and professional leadership). Variables used in this stage of the study were length of nursing experience, educational qualifications, context of practice, level in professional career ladder and role implication on other disciplines, services and patients. In the second stage of the study, to better understand the context of advanced practice implementation a visual network analysis of relations connecting contextual factors in advanced Practice Nursing development in Catalonia. The study design was qualitative, descriptive and explanatory. Participants from the diverse perspectives of practice, organization and environment levels were engaged to participate in semi-structured focus groups in March 2016. They were asked to inform on different dimensions of the context of role development: understanding of the role, felt needs, perceived outcomes, barriers and facilitators. Further data was gathered through interviews in Quebec, Canada to inform about of the context dimensions at external, organization and team level. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC) at Hospital Clínic, Barcelona (Reg. HCB/2014/0811 and HCB/2016/0055). Participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in the study. Participants were guaranteed anonymity in the findings report and research analysis. RESULTS: The results provided support for the instrument´s validity and reliability in advanced practice nursing in a tertiary and community hospital. The tool showed internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86 and stability over time. The cross-sectional study was designed to explore the extent and patterns of advanced nursing practice activity within the domains of expert care planning, integrated care, inter-professional collaboration, education, research, evidence- based practice and professional leadership. Advanced practice domains were more strongly influenced by the predictors of nursing position and professional career ladder while age and experience were found to be weak predictors of advanced practice domains. The conceptualization of the advanced nursing practice profile provides data which allow description of activities and domains in the context of practice along with description of healthcare adaptation and change management. On the context analysis, 30 interviews were conducted in Quebec while 44 participants were interviewed in Catalonia. Integration of findings reflected a vast predominance of convergent themes despite differences in context and population characteristics. The study identified common and diverge context factors of advanced practice development and implementation across both countries. Barriers and facilitators were prominent almost evenly across all groups, however, it remained difficult to understand the interrelated dynamics between implementation and context. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first attempt to examine the reliability and the validity of a Spanish tool capable to delineate advanced practice nursing domains and activities. It is the first attempt to describe the profile of advanced nursing practice in Spain by exploring the extent and patterns of advanced practice activity in newly developing roles. The study achieved conceptual, semantic and content equivalence of the Spanish instrument which allows to define the extent of advanced practice activities and domains using a validated, adapted instrument. The second stage of the study provided a visual network of relations connecting contextual factors in Advanced Practice Nursing development in Catalonia. Also, it identified common and diverge context factors of advanced practice development and implementation across two countries. Barriers and facilitators were prominent almost evenly across all groups, however the organisation and environment level themes were the most coded and discussed during the interviews. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Innovative advanced practice nursing roles are of greater relevance in terms of transforming the model of care such as orientation towards long-term conditions, greater resolution, accessibility, quality in high specialization and interdisciplinary public health. Greater clarity around these roles may assist in optimizing workforce utilization, meeting new service delivery requirements and enabling greater internal organizational cohesion, consistency and professional clarity. |
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