A hybrid energy storage solution based on supercapacitors and batteries for the grid integration of utility scale photovoltaic plants

This paper presents a 2-level controller managing a hybrid energy storage solution (HESS) for the grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) plants in distribution grids. The HESS is based on the interconnection of a lead-acid battery pack and a supercapacitor pack through a modular power electronics cab...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Díaz González, Francisco|||0000-0002-1912-3014, Chillón Antón, Cristian, Llonch Masachs, Marc|||0000-0003-1003-6720, Galceran Arellano, Samuel|||0000-0001-6378-0997, Rull Duran, Joan|||0000-0001-8953-0953, Bergas Jané, Joan Gabriel|||0000-0003-4317-680X, Bullich Massagué, Eduard|||0000-0003-4603-1868
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/372937
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/372937
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104446
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Energy storage
Photovoltaic power generation
Hybrid energy storage solution
Battery
Supercapacitor
PV plant
Power electronics
Energia--Emmagatzematge
Energia fotovoltaica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica
Descripción
Sumario:This paper presents a 2-level controller managing a hybrid energy storage solution (HESS) for the grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) plants in distribution grids. The HESS is based on the interconnection of a lead-acid battery pack and a supercapacitor pack through a modular power electronics cabinet. The inclusion of the HESS into the PV plant –and not an state-of-the-art energy storage system based on a single technology–, is motivated by the diversity of technical requirements for the provision of the services of grid peak power shaving and PV output power ramp limitation. The 2-level controller ensures a synergistic exploitation of the two storage technologies aiming for an optimal service level of the HESS and minimum battery degradation. The higher level of the controller is based on a mathematical optimization problem that solves with the optimal schedule of the storage technologies for peak power shaving purposes. The power setpoints of this optimization are then complemented by a real time controller managing PV plant output ramp limitation. The HESS performance and associated controller has been proved effective through two case studies. The first one adopts a 6.6 MW PV plant including a HESS solution combining a 5.5 MWh and 2.64 MW lead-acid battery pack with a 0.25 MWh and 1.32 MW supercapacitor pack. The second one reports experimental data from an analogous scenario scaled down to kW level and using a laboratory scale prototype for the HESS. All in all, the hardware and software solutions proposed in this paper contribute to a feasible exploitation of multi-purpose energy storages targeting the needs of renewables' and distribution system operators.