Krylov complexity of density matrix operators

Quantifying complexity in quantum systems has witnessed a surge of interest in recent years, with Krylov-based measures such as Krylov complexity (C<inf>K</inf>) and Spread complexity (C<inf>S</inf>) gaining prominence. In this study, we investigate their interplay by conside...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Caputa, P., Jeong, H.-S., Liu, S., Pedraza, J.F., Qu, L.-C.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/413953
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413953
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195315103&doi=10.1007%2FJHEP05%282024%29337&partnerID=40&md5=e5f546170d361920286202fc0e907633
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:AdS-CFT Correspondence
Field Theories in Lower Dimensions
Integrable Field Theories
Random Systems
Descripción
Sumario:Quantifying complexity in quantum systems has witnessed a surge of interest in recent years, with Krylov-based measures such as Krylov complexity (C<inf>K</inf>) and Spread complexity (C<inf>S</inf>) gaining prominence. In this study, we investigate their interplay by considering the complexity of states represented by density matrix operators. After setting up the problem, we analyze a handful of analytical and numerical examples spanning generic two-dimensional Hilbert spaces, qubit states, quantum harmonic oscillators, and random matrix theories, uncovering insightful relationships. For generic pure states, our analysis reveals two key findings: (I) a correspondence between moment-generating functions (of Lanczos coefficients) and survival amplitudes, and (II) an early-time equivalence between C<inf>K</inf> and 2C<inf>S</inf>. Furthermore, for maximally entangled pure states, we find that the moment-generating function of C<inf>K</inf> becomes the Spectral Form Factor and, at late-times, C<inf>K</inf> is simply related to NC<inf>S</inf> for N ≥ 2 within the N-dimensional Hilbert space. Notably, we confirm that C<inf>K</inf> = 2C<inf>S</inf> holds across all times when N = 2. Through the lens of random matrix theories, we also discuss deviations between complexities at intermediate times and highlight subtleties in the averaging approach at the level of the survival amplitude. © The Author(s) 2024.