Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention

Background & aims Trace elements play a crucial role in human metabolism, and both deficiencies and toxic exposures can have significant clinical implications. This study aimed to establish clinically relevant reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in serum from a healthy adu...

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Autores: Rivas, Inés, Miranda Castañón, Marta Inés, Herrero Latorre, Carlos, Monte Secades, Rafael, López Alonso, María Marta
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
Repositório:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Idioma:inglês
OAI Identifier:oai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/43475
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43475
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Trace elements
Reference intervals
Serum
Human population
Galicia
2301 química analítica
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spelling Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical interventionRivas, InésMiranda Castañón, Marta InésHerrero Latorre, CarlosMonte Secades, RafaelLópez Alonso, María MartaTrace elementsReference intervalsSerumHuman populationGalicia2301 química analíticaBackground & aims Trace elements play a crucial role in human metabolism, and both deficiencies and toxic exposures can have significant clinical implications. This study aimed to establish clinically relevant reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in serum from a healthy adult population to support nutritional assessment and public health monitoring. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 501 healthy adults. Serum concentrations of essential [cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn)] and toxic [(arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)] trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Reference intervals (2.5th–97.5th percentiles) were calculated following CLSI guidelines, and stratified analyses were performed based on sex and age. Results Reference intervals were established for each element, revealing significant sex-related differences. Women exhibited higher serum concentrations of Co, Cu, Mo, Cd, and Hg, and lower Fe compared to men. Age-related differences were also observed for several elements, with distinct sex-specific trends particularly for Cu and Hg. While serum levels of most essential elements were within expected physiological ranges, Se concentrations were suboptimal in a considerable proportion of the population, suggesting potential nutritional inadequacy. Toxic element levels remained generally low, indicative of minimal environmental exposure. Conclusions Essential trace element concentrations were generally adequate within the Northern Spain population, with the notable exception of Se, where a significant proportion exhibits low levels, suggesting a potential benefit from dietary supplementation or intervention. Toxic element concentrations were low corresponding to a basal level of environmental exposure; however, observed variations by age and sex highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring.ElsevierUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e BromatoloxíaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas VeterinariasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal20252025-09-2620252025-09-26journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/43475reponame:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostelainstname:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/434752026-06-15T12:47:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
title Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
spellingShingle Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
Rivas, Inés
Trace elements
Reference intervals
Serum
Human population
Galicia
2301 química analítica
title_short Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
title_full Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
title_fullStr Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
title_full_unstemmed Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
title_sort Serum reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in a healthy population: A basis for nutritional monitoring and clinical intervention
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rivas, Inés
Miranda Castañón, Marta Inés
Herrero Latorre, Carlos
Monte Secades, Rafael
López Alonso, María Marta
author Rivas, Inés
author_facet Rivas, Inés
Miranda Castañón, Marta Inés
Herrero Latorre, Carlos
Monte Secades, Rafael
López Alonso, María Marta
author_role author
author2 Miranda Castañón, Marta Inés
Herrero Latorre, Carlos
Monte Secades, Rafael
López Alonso, María Marta
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Patoloxía Animal
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Trace elements
Reference intervals
Serum
Human population
Galicia
2301 química analítica
topic Trace elements
Reference intervals
Serum
Human population
Galicia
2301 química analítica
description Background & aims Trace elements play a crucial role in human metabolism, and both deficiencies and toxic exposures can have significant clinical implications. This study aimed to establish clinically relevant reference intervals for essential and toxic trace elements in serum from a healthy adult population to support nutritional assessment and public health monitoring. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 501 healthy adults. Serum concentrations of essential [cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn)] and toxic [(arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)] trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Reference intervals (2.5th–97.5th percentiles) were calculated following CLSI guidelines, and stratified analyses were performed based on sex and age. Results Reference intervals were established for each element, revealing significant sex-related differences. Women exhibited higher serum concentrations of Co, Cu, Mo, Cd, and Hg, and lower Fe compared to men. Age-related differences were also observed for several elements, with distinct sex-specific trends particularly for Cu and Hg. While serum levels of most essential elements were within expected physiological ranges, Se concentrations were suboptimal in a considerable proportion of the population, suggesting potential nutritional inadequacy. Toxic element levels remained generally low, indicative of minimal environmental exposure. Conclusions Essential trace element concentrations were generally adequate within the Northern Spain population, with the notable exception of Se, where a significant proportion exhibits low levels, suggesting a potential benefit from dietary supplementation or intervention. Toxic element concentrations were low corresponding to a basal level of environmental exposure; however, observed variations by age and sex highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-09-26
2025
2025-09-26
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43475
url https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43475
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
instname:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
instname_str Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
reponame_str Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
collection Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.811543

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