Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district
[eng] High-mountain tropical lakes in the South American continent are located in the upper part of the Andes range in the equatorial zone (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia), altitudinally, usually above the forest line (3000-5000 m a.s.l.). They are generally in remote areas, which m...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/197600 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/197600 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688197 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Ecologia dels llacs Limnologia Clima tropical Equador Lake ecology Limnology Tropical climate Ecuador |
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oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/197600 |
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España |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| title |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| spellingShingle |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo Ecologia dels llacs Limnologia Clima tropical Equador Lake ecology Limnology Tropical climate Ecuador |
| title_short |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| title_full |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| title_fullStr |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| title_sort |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake district |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo |
| author |
Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo |
| author_facet |
Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Catalán i Aguilà, Jordi Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Ecologia dels llacs Limnologia Clima tropical Equador Lake ecology Limnology Tropical climate Ecuador |
| topic |
Ecologia dels llacs Limnologia Clima tropical Equador Lake ecology Limnology Tropical climate Ecuador |
| description |
[eng] High-mountain tropical lakes in the South American continent are located in the upper part of the Andes range in the equatorial zone (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia), altitudinally, usually above the forest line (3000-5000 m a.s.l.). They are generally in remote areas, which makes them comparable with other mountainous lake areas of the planet. They play an essential role in the hydrology of the tropical Andean zones, regulating the flow and water availability, being a vital source of drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectricity, and supplying water to significant effluents of the Amazon River and rivers of the Pacific Ocean coast. The development of tropical limnology has been slow; priority has been given to studying large rivers such as the Amazon and its peripheral lagoons, partly due to their exceptional biotic richness. Long-term studies are not common in tropical regions despite the number of existing lakes that constitute a significant proportion of the world’s freshwater resources. The limnology of high-mountain tropical lakes has been relegated even though most of these systems are located in natural reserve areas. The relatively few studies show that the limnology of tropical lakes differs from those of temperate zones. The main objective of this thesis is to broaden the knowledge of tropical limnology of the high-mountain lakes of the southern Andes of Ecuador through the study of their morphometric characteristics, the chemical variation of the water, and the mixing processes. The thesis results show that the lake abundance distribution of the Cajas Massif is similar to that found in other high mountain districts of glacial origin, differing at both ends of a power law relationship. The deviations for large lakes could be attributed to the space restriction that the altitude imposes in mountain ranges, and, for small lakes, it can be due to many of them already being filled in over time. One of the consequences of this skewed distribution is that most of the lentic water surface is found in medium-sized lakes and not in shallow lakes and pools. The lake water chemistry is remarkably variably in the area studied, including ionic composition, dissolved organic matter, and metals. The high variation is primarily due to complex overlapping of different volcanic lithologies in the catchments. The chemical diversity is comparable to that of European mountains with complex lithology. The variety of aquatic chemical niches in small territories could foster species richness. The lakes of the Cajas Massif show primarily warm monomictic mixing regimes and not annual polymixis, as traditionally suggested for these lakes. Polymyxis occurs only during a limited period of the year (2-3 months) and more permanently in the highest lakes (~4,000 m a.s.l.). The results obtained in this thesis can likely represent other lake districts of the Andean range. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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doctoralThesis |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/2445/197600 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688197 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/2445/197600 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688197 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
cc by (c) Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo, 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
cc by (c) Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo, 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universitat de Barcelona |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universitat de Barcelona |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB instname:Universidad de Barcelona |
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Universidad de Barcelona |
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Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
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Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
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| _version_ |
1869425206475358208 |
| spelling |
Limnology of Tropical Mountain Lakes: Analysis of the hydromorphological, physical and biogeochemical variability of the Cajas Massif lake districtMosquera Vintimilla, PabloEcologia dels llacsLimnologiaClima tropicalEquadorLake ecologyLimnologyTropical climateEcuador[eng] High-mountain tropical lakes in the South American continent are located in the upper part of the Andes range in the equatorial zone (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia), altitudinally, usually above the forest line (3000-5000 m a.s.l.). They are generally in remote areas, which makes them comparable with other mountainous lake areas of the planet. They play an essential role in the hydrology of the tropical Andean zones, regulating the flow and water availability, being a vital source of drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectricity, and supplying water to significant effluents of the Amazon River and rivers of the Pacific Ocean coast. The development of tropical limnology has been slow; priority has been given to studying large rivers such as the Amazon and its peripheral lagoons, partly due to their exceptional biotic richness. Long-term studies are not common in tropical regions despite the number of existing lakes that constitute a significant proportion of the world’s freshwater resources. The limnology of high-mountain tropical lakes has been relegated even though most of these systems are located in natural reserve areas. The relatively few studies show that the limnology of tropical lakes differs from those of temperate zones. The main objective of this thesis is to broaden the knowledge of tropical limnology of the high-mountain lakes of the southern Andes of Ecuador through the study of their morphometric characteristics, the chemical variation of the water, and the mixing processes. The thesis results show that the lake abundance distribution of the Cajas Massif is similar to that found in other high mountain districts of glacial origin, differing at both ends of a power law relationship. The deviations for large lakes could be attributed to the space restriction that the altitude imposes in mountain ranges, and, for small lakes, it can be due to many of them already being filled in over time. One of the consequences of this skewed distribution is that most of the lentic water surface is found in medium-sized lakes and not in shallow lakes and pools. The lake water chemistry is remarkably variably in the area studied, including ionic composition, dissolved organic matter, and metals. The high variation is primarily due to complex overlapping of different volcanic lithologies in the catchments. The chemical diversity is comparable to that of European mountains with complex lithology. The variety of aquatic chemical niches in small territories could foster species richness. The lakes of the Cajas Massif show primarily warm monomictic mixing regimes and not annual polymixis, as traditionally suggested for these lakes. Polymyxis occurs only during a limited period of the year (2-3 months) and more permanently in the highest lakes (~4,000 m a.s.l.). The results obtained in this thesis can likely represent other lake districts of the Andean range.[spa] Los Lagos tropicales de alta montaña en el continente Sudamericano están ubicados en las partes altas de la cordillera de los Andes en la zona ecuatorial (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia), altitudinalmente se encuentran sobre la línea de bosque (3000-5000 m s.n.m.). Generalmente son ecosistemas remotos lo que les hace muy comparables con otras zonas lacustres montañosas del planeta. Cumplen un rol importante en la hidrología de las zonas andinas tropicales, regulando el flujo y la disponibilidad del agua, además son fuente vital de agua potable, regadío e hidroelectricidad y suministran agua a grandes efluentes del río Amazonas y costas del Océano Pacífico. El desarrollo de la limnología tropical ha sido lento, se ha dado énfasis al estudio de los grandes ríos como el Amazonas y sus lagunas periféricas debido en parte a su riqueza biótica excepcional, pero estudios a largo plazo no son comunes en las regiones tropicales a pesar del número de lagos existentes y que constituyen una importante proporción de los recursos mundiales de agua dulce. Paradojicamente la limnología de los lagos tropicales de alta montaña ha sido relegada a un segundo plano a pesar de que la mayoría de estos sistemas se ubican en zonas de reserva natural, los escasos estudios disponibles muestran que la limnología de los lagos tropicales varía significativamente a lagos de zonas templadas, es por eso que la limnología tropical no sería de extraordinaria importancia si los ambientes acuáticos tropicales pudieran entenderse fácilmente a partir de los principios que se aplican a los sistemas templados. El principal objetivo de la presente tesis es ampliar el conocimiento de limnología tropical de los lagos de alta montaña de los Andes sur de Ecuador a través del estudio de las caracteristicas hidromorfométricas de los vasos lacustres, la variación química del agua y de los procesos de mezcla. Nuestros resultados muestran que el patrón de distribución de la abundancia del área lacustre del Macizo del Cajas es similar al encontrado en otros distritos de alta montaña de origen glaciar, difiriendo en ambos extremos de una relación de ley de potencias. Esta desviación para lagos grandes puede ser atribuida a la restricción de espacio que la altitud impone en las cadenas montañosas y para lagos pequeños puede deberse a que muchos de ellos ya han sido rellenados en el tiempo. Una de las consecuencias de esta distribución sesgada es que la mayor parte de la superficie del agua léntica se encuentra en lagos de tamaño mediano y no en lagos someros y charcas, lo que tiene relevancia en los procesos hidrológicos y biogeoquímicos. La química de las aguas lacustres es extremandamente variable en los Andes (composición de iones, materia orgánica disuelta y metales) la misma que se asocia a complejas sobreposiciones de litologías volcánicas en las cuencas, produciendo una diversidad química que es comparable al rango de todas las cadenas montañosas europeas, lo que genera una variedad de nichos químicos acuáticos en territorios relativamente pequeños que podrían fomentar la riqueza de especies que son sensibles a una composición química del agua específica. En cuanto al régimen de mezcla en los lagos del Macizo del Cajas se observa que un régimen cálido monomíctico es el patrón más extendido y no la polimixis anual, como se ha sugerido tradicionalmente para estos lagos. La polimixis ocurre solo durante un período limitado del año (2-3 meses). Un régimen polimíctico se limita a los lagos más altos (~4.000 m s.n.m.). Esta tesis contribuye a aumentar el conocimiento de la limnología tropical de alta montaña, los resultados obtenidos probablemente podrían ser extrapolables hacia otros distritos lacustres de las cadenas montañosas Andinas.Universitat de BarcelonaCatalán i Aguilà, JordiUniversitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals2023info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/197600http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688197Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientalsreponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaIngléscc by (c) Mosquera Vintimilla, Pablo, 2023http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/1976002026-05-27T06:46:51Z |
| score |
15,301603 |