Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals

Access to safe water is essential for people’s lives and health. However, little information is available about the quality of water consumed in rural communities in the Andes of Peru. The difficulties of accessing communities, and the lack of nearby laboratories, raise the question of which techniq...

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Autores: Quispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218, Fernández, Sonia, Acharte Lume, Luz, Pérez Foguet, Agustí|||0000-0002-2737-4710
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/190880
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/190880
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j3020014
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Drinking water--Peru
Drinking water quality
High-Andean rural communities
Trace metals
Aigua potable -- Abastament -- Perú
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Enginyeria sanitària
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Desenvolupament humà::Aigua i sanejament
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spelling Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metalsQuispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218Fernández, SoniaAcharte Lume, LuzPérez Foguet, Agustí|||0000-0002-2737-4710Drinking water--PeruDrinking water qualityHigh-Andean rural communitiesTrace metalsAigua potable -- Abastament -- PerúÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Enginyeria sanitàriaÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Desenvolupament humà::Aigua i sanejamentAccess to safe water is essential for people’s lives and health. However, little information is available about the quality of water consumed in rural communities in the Andes of Peru. The difficulties of accessing communities, and the lack of nearby laboratories, raise the question of which techniques are being used or could be used to monitor water quality (and specifically, for trace metal content determination), as discrepancies between different techniques have been reported. This work focuses on water characterization of (i) physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological parameters; and (ii) the presence of trace metals in a specific Andean region involving five communities, determined by two different techniques: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). AAS was performed at local laboratories in the province capital located within a 4-h travel distance from sampling points, and ICP-MS was performed in a certified lab in Lima at a 24-h bus travel distance (on average) from sampling points. The physicochemical characterization shows non-compliance with regulations of 16.4% of reservoirs and 23.1% of households. Further, standards for microbiological and parasitological parameters were not met by 14.5% of spring water points, 18.8% of water reservoirs, and 14.3% of households. These results are in agreement with the Peruvian government´s general figures regarding water quality in rural areas. While ICP-MS and AAS gave equivalent results for most pairs of sample metals tested, differences were found for Mo, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations (with larger differences for Mo, Cd, and Cu). Differences in Al and Mo affect the comparison with water quality standards and generate uncertainty in terms of acceptability for human consumption.This research was funded by CCD-UPC 2019, grant number 2019-B012.Peer ReviewedMDPI AG20202020-06-0120202020-06-16journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/190880https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j3020014reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1908802026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
title Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
spellingShingle Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
Quispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218
Drinking water--Peru
Drinking water quality
High-Andean rural communities
Trace metals
Aigua potable -- Abastament -- Perú
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Enginyeria sanitària
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Desenvolupament humà::Aigua i sanejament
title_short Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
title_full Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
title_fullStr Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
title_full_unstemmed Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
title_sort Status of water quality for human consumption in high-Andean rural communities: discrepancies between techniques for identifying trace metals
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Quispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218
Fernández, Sonia
Acharte Lume, Luz
Pérez Foguet, Agustí|||0000-0002-2737-4710
author Quispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218
author_facet Quispe Coica, Filimon Alejandro|||0000-0001-6396-0218
Fernández, Sonia
Acharte Lume, Luz
Pérez Foguet, Agustí|||0000-0002-2737-4710
author_role author
author2 Fernández, Sonia
Acharte Lume, Luz
Pérez Foguet, Agustí|||0000-0002-2737-4710
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Drinking water--Peru
Drinking water quality
High-Andean rural communities
Trace metals
Aigua potable -- Abastament -- Perú
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Enginyeria sanitària
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Desenvolupament humà::Aigua i sanejament
topic Drinking water--Peru
Drinking water quality
High-Andean rural communities
Trace metals
Aigua potable -- Abastament -- Perú
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Enginyeria sanitària
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Desenvolupament humà::Aigua i sanejament
description Access to safe water is essential for people’s lives and health. However, little information is available about the quality of water consumed in rural communities in the Andes of Peru. The difficulties of accessing communities, and the lack of nearby laboratories, raise the question of which techniques are being used or could be used to monitor water quality (and specifically, for trace metal content determination), as discrepancies between different techniques have been reported. This work focuses on water characterization of (i) physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological parameters; and (ii) the presence of trace metals in a specific Andean region involving five communities, determined by two different techniques: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). AAS was performed at local laboratories in the province capital located within a 4-h travel distance from sampling points, and ICP-MS was performed in a certified lab in Lima at a 24-h bus travel distance (on average) from sampling points. The physicochemical characterization shows non-compliance with regulations of 16.4% of reservoirs and 23.1% of households. Further, standards for microbiological and parasitological parameters were not met by 14.5% of spring water points, 18.8% of water reservoirs, and 14.3% of households. These results are in agreement with the Peruvian government´s general figures regarding water quality in rural areas. While ICP-MS and AAS gave equivalent results for most pairs of sample metals tested, differences were found for Mo, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations (with larger differences for Mo, Cd, and Cu). Differences in Al and Mo affect the comparison with water quality standards and generate uncertainty in terms of acceptability for human consumption.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020-06-01
2020
2020-06-16
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/190880
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j3020014
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/190880
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j3020014
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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