Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation

Benzene, arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel are ubiquitous pollutants in ambient air. The main sources are industrial processes, electricity generation and fuel combustion. The main routes of exposure are inhalation for benzene, and diet for arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel and mercury. Inhala...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, Centre for Environment & Health (BON), Living & Working Environments (LWE), Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel, Castaño, Argelia
Tipo de recurso: informe técnico
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repositorio:Repisalud
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/17224
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17224
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Air Pollution
Benzene
Metalloids
Metals
Risk Assessment
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spelling Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultationWorld Health Organization. Regional Office for EuropeCentre for Environment & Health (BON)Living & Working Environments (LWE)Cañas Portilla, Ana IsabelCastaño, ArgeliaAir PollutionBenzeneMetalloidsMetalsRisk AssessmentBenzene, arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel are ubiquitous pollutants in ambient air. The main sources are industrial processes, electricity generation and fuel combustion. The main routes of exposure are inhalation for benzene, and diet for arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel and mercury. Inhalation of benzene, arsenic and cadmium is relevant for exposure in active tobacco smokers and people exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to these pollutants is associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular (cadmium, lead, mercury); haematological (benzene, lead); immunological, neurological and reproductive (benzene, lead, mercury); respiratory (cadmium, nickel); renal (cadmium, lead); and skeletal (cadmium) systems. Limited epidemiological evidence on ambient air pollution suggests adverse effects on the cardiovascular system (arsenic and nickel). Since benzene, arsenic, cadmium and nickel are classified as carcinogenic, the lowest possible exposure level is suggested to minimize the risk for cancer development in view of the no-effect threshold paradigm. Lead and methylmercury compounds are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, the available evidence is insufficient to warrant updating the air quality guidelines for these air pollutants. Evidence gaps are identified and these should guide future research efforts.World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe20242024-01-1720242024-01-0120242024-01-01technical reporthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18ghVoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/reportapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17224reponame:Repisaludinstname:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/172242026-06-12T12:43:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
title Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
spellingShingle Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Air Pollution
Benzene
Metalloids
Metals
Risk Assessment
title_short Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
title_full Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
title_fullStr Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
title_full_unstemmed Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
title_sort Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Centre for Environment & Health (BON)
Living & Working Environments (LWE)
Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel
Castaño, Argelia
author World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
author_facet World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Centre for Environment & Health (BON)
Living & Working Environments (LWE)
Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel
Castaño, Argelia
author_role author
author2 Centre for Environment & Health (BON)
Living & Working Environments (LWE)
Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel
Castaño, Argelia
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Air Pollution
Benzene
Metalloids
Metals
Risk Assessment
topic Air Pollution
Benzene
Metalloids
Metals
Risk Assessment
description Benzene, arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel are ubiquitous pollutants in ambient air. The main sources are industrial processes, electricity generation and fuel combustion. The main routes of exposure are inhalation for benzene, and diet for arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel and mercury. Inhalation of benzene, arsenic and cadmium is relevant for exposure in active tobacco smokers and people exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to these pollutants is associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular (cadmium, lead, mercury); haematological (benzene, lead); immunological, neurological and reproductive (benzene, lead, mercury); respiratory (cadmium, nickel); renal (cadmium, lead); and skeletal (cadmium) systems. Limited epidemiological evidence on ambient air pollution suggests adverse effects on the cardiovascular system (arsenic and nickel). Since benzene, arsenic, cadmium and nickel are classified as carcinogenic, the lowest possible exposure level is suggested to minimize the risk for cancer development in view of the no-effect threshold paradigm. Lead and methylmercury compounds are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, the available evidence is insufficient to warrant updating the air quality guidelines for these air pollutants. Evidence gaps are identified and these should guide future research efforts.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024-01-17
2024
2024-01-01
2024
2024-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv technical report
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18gh
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/report
format report
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17224
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17224
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
publisher.none.fl_str_mv World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repisalud
instname:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
instname_str Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
reponame_str Repisalud
collection Repisalud
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.811543

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