Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111

Context. Relativistic jets originating at the center of active galactic nuclei are embedded in extreme environments with strong magnetic fields and high particle densities, which makes them a fundamental tool for studying the physics of magnetized plasmas.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Bartolini, V., Dallacasa, D., Gómez Fernández, José L., Giroletti, M., Lico, Rocco, Livingston, J. D.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/393178
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393178
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: active
Galaxies: individual: 3C111
Galaxies: jets
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: nuclei
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spelling Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111Bartolini, V.Dallacasa, D.Gómez Fernández, José L.Giroletti, M.Lico, RoccoLivingston, J. D.Galaxies: activeGalaxies: individual: 3C111Galaxies: jetsGalaxies: magnetic fieldsGalaxies: nucleiContext. Relativistic jets originating at the center of active galactic nuclei are embedded in extreme environments with strong magnetic fields and high particle densities, which makes them a fundamental tool for studying the physics of magnetized plasmas.Aims. We aim to investigate the magnetic field structure and the parsec and sub-parsec properties of the relativistic jet in the radio galaxy 3C 111. Rotation measure (RM) studies of nearby radio-galaxies, such as this one, provide a valuable tool with which to investigate the transversal magnetic field properties.Methods. We used multifrequency simultaneous Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data from 5 GHz up to 87.6 GHz. We performed an analysis of both total intensity and polarization maps to study the jet magnetic field and infer the spectral properties of the synchrotron emission. We modeled the brightness distribution of the source with multiple 2D Gaussian components to characterize individual emission features.Results. After determining the core shift (rc ∝ ν−1.27 ± 0.17), we computed the spectral index maps for all the adjacent frequency pairs and found different distributions for the core region (αmax ≈ 1.5 and αmin ≈ 0.2) and the jet (α ≈ −1.5 on average) with an unusual optically thick or flat feature in it at ≈1 − 2 pc from the core. Using modelfit, we found a total of 56 components at different frequencies. By putting constraints on the size and position, we identified 22 components at different frequencies for which we computed the equipartition magnetic field. We computed the rotation measure at two different triplets of frequencies. At 15.2 − 21.9 − 43.8 GHz, we discovered high values of RM in the same region where the optically thick or flat feature was found. This can be associated with a high electron density value at ≈1 − 2 pc from the core that we interpret as originating in a cloud of the clumpy torus. At 5 − 8.4 − 15.2 GHz, we found a distribution of the electric vector position angles and significant RM transverse gradient that provide strong evidence of a helical configuration of the magnetic field, as found in simulations. © The Authors 2025We would like to thank Dr. M. Kadler and Dr. B. Boccardi for their helpful discussion, which improved the manuscript. This paper made use of “Uncertainties: a Python package for calculations with uncertainties, Eric O. LEBIGOT”, http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/. This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE database that is maintained by the MOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2018). This research has been partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project number 443220636 (DFG research unit FOR 5195: “Relativistic Jets in Active Galaxies”). J.D.L. would like to acknowledge that this publication is part of the M2FINDERS project, which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement No 101018682).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesGerman Research FoundationEuropean Research CouncilEuropean CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/393178reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101018682http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449878Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3931782026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
title Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
spellingShingle Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
Bartolini, V.
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: individual: 3C111
Galaxies: jets
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: nuclei
title_short Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
title_full Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
title_fullStr Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
title_full_unstemmed Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
title_sort Multifrequency simultaneous VLBA view of the radio source 3C 111
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bartolini, V.
Dallacasa, D.
Gómez Fernández, José L.
Giroletti, M.
Lico, Rocco
Livingston, J. D.
author Bartolini, V.
author_facet Bartolini, V.
Dallacasa, D.
Gómez Fernández, José L.
Giroletti, M.
Lico, Rocco
Livingston, J. D.
author_role author
author2 Dallacasa, D.
Gómez Fernández, José L.
Giroletti, M.
Lico, Rocco
Livingston, J. D.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv German Research Foundation
European Research Council
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: active
Galaxies: individual: 3C111
Galaxies: jets
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: nuclei
topic Galaxies: active
Galaxies: individual: 3C111
Galaxies: jets
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: nuclei
description Context. Relativistic jets originating at the center of active galactic nuclei are embedded in extreme environments with strong magnetic fields and high particle densities, which makes them a fundamental tool for studying the physics of magnetized plasmas.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393178
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393178
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101018682
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449878
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.811543

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