Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"

The term “gypsiferous silts” has been used since the 1960s by many authors, but it has relied on unclear, ambiguous criteria that attributed aeolian, colluvial or alluvial origins to these materials. The aim of this paper is to clarify the use of the term “gypsiferous silts” applied to silt-sized, g...

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Autores: Poch, Rosa M., Rodríguez Ochoa, Rafael, Arteida, Octavio, Balasch Solanes, J. Carles (Josep Carles), Boixadera Llobet, Jaume
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/72733
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72733
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Weathering
Gypsiferous soils
Loess
Micromorphology
Pedogenesis
Meteorització (Geomorfologia)
Sediments (Geologia) (Espanya)
Ebre, Conca de l'
Conques hidrogràfiques
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spelling Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"Poch, Rosa M.Rodríguez Ochoa, Rafael Arteida, OctavioBalasch Solanes, J. Carles (Josep Carles)Boixadera Llobet, JaumeWeatheringGypsiferous soilsLoessMicromorphologyPedogenesisMeteorització (Geomorfologia)Sediments (Geologia) (Espanya)Ebre, Conca de l'Conques hidrogràfiquesThe term “gypsiferous silts” has been used since the 1960s by many authors, but it has relied on unclear, ambiguous criteria that attributed aeolian, colluvial or alluvial origins to these materials. The aim of this paper is to clarify the use of the term “gypsiferous silts” applied to silt-sized, gypsum-bearing sediments on surface formations in the Ebro Basin, using published and unpublished information. We distinguished three types of materials with very different characteristics that had all been attributed to the general term “gypsiferous silts” in previously published work: I) gypsiferous silts sensu stricto, ii) loess and iii) flour-like gypsum. The recommendations of our study are that the first two terms should be applied to gypsumcontaining sediments located in varied topographic positions with calcium carbonate contents up to 40-50% and coarse silty to fine sandy textures. Loess normally appears as thick outcrops (up to 12m) on slopes leeward from the main wind direction, with a limited pedogenesis consisting of a partial carbonate mobilisation and gypsum contents between 0 and 30%. Loess is the only category with an aeolian origin. The materials in the category “gypsiferous silts” sensu stricto are mainly colluvial-alluvial. The third term (flour-like gypsum) should be used to refer to materials on surface formations consisting of almost 100% silt- to fine sand size lenticular gypsum. These materials derive from on-site weathering of gyprock or by precipitation from calcium- and sulphate-saturated groundwater and surficial waters and show a variable spatial distribution: Along footslopes, outcropping as metric surface formations, interstratified between limestone layers or as generalized karstified subsurface accumulations. The proposed classification, based on morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, establishes a necessary distinction among the three types of materials, since they differ in their properties and geotechnical behavior relevant for soil management and land use. Using the proposed classification will allow their distinct characteristics can be taken into account when performing geological or soil surveys in this and similar arid regions.This work has been done in the frame of the Project LOESSIBERUS, RTI2018-094927-B-I00, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain. We thank Dr. G. Benito, C. Arenas and an anonymous referee for their constructive comments when revising the manuscript, and Dr. Michele Francis (U. Stellenbosch) for her careful language revision.Universitat de Barcelona2021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72733reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-094927-B-I00Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8Geologica acta, 2021, vol.19, p.1-21cc-by-sa (c) Poch et al., 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/727332026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
title Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
spellingShingle Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
Poch, Rosa M.
Weathering
Gypsiferous soils
Loess
Micromorphology
Pedogenesis
Meteorització (Geomorfologia)
Sediments (Geologia) (Espanya)
Ebre, Conca de l'
Conques hidrogràfiques
title_short Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
title_full Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
title_fullStr Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
title_full_unstemmed Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
title_sort Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the ebro basin: a disambiguation of the term “gypsiferous silts"
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Poch, Rosa M.
Rodríguez Ochoa, Rafael
Arteida, Octavio
Balasch Solanes, J. Carles (Josep Carles)
Boixadera Llobet, Jaume
author Poch, Rosa M.
author_facet Poch, Rosa M.
Rodríguez Ochoa, Rafael
Arteida, Octavio
Balasch Solanes, J. Carles (Josep Carles)
Boixadera Llobet, Jaume
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez Ochoa, Rafael
Arteida, Octavio
Balasch Solanes, J. Carles (Josep Carles)
Boixadera Llobet, Jaume
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Weathering
Gypsiferous soils
Loess
Micromorphology
Pedogenesis
Meteorització (Geomorfologia)
Sediments (Geologia) (Espanya)
Ebre, Conca de l'
Conques hidrogràfiques
topic Weathering
Gypsiferous soils
Loess
Micromorphology
Pedogenesis
Meteorització (Geomorfologia)
Sediments (Geologia) (Espanya)
Ebre, Conca de l'
Conques hidrogràfiques
description The term “gypsiferous silts” has been used since the 1960s by many authors, but it has relied on unclear, ambiguous criteria that attributed aeolian, colluvial or alluvial origins to these materials. The aim of this paper is to clarify the use of the term “gypsiferous silts” applied to silt-sized, gypsum-bearing sediments on surface formations in the Ebro Basin, using published and unpublished information. We distinguished three types of materials with very different characteristics that had all been attributed to the general term “gypsiferous silts” in previously published work: I) gypsiferous silts sensu stricto, ii) loess and iii) flour-like gypsum. The recommendations of our study are that the first two terms should be applied to gypsumcontaining sediments located in varied topographic positions with calcium carbonate contents up to 40-50% and coarse silty to fine sandy textures. Loess normally appears as thick outcrops (up to 12m) on slopes leeward from the main wind direction, with a limited pedogenesis consisting of a partial carbonate mobilisation and gypsum contents between 0 and 30%. Loess is the only category with an aeolian origin. The materials in the category “gypsiferous silts” sensu stricto are mainly colluvial-alluvial. The third term (flour-like gypsum) should be used to refer to materials on surface formations consisting of almost 100% silt- to fine sand size lenticular gypsum. These materials derive from on-site weathering of gyprock or by precipitation from calcium- and sulphate-saturated groundwater and surficial waters and show a variable spatial distribution: Along footslopes, outcropping as metric surface formations, interstratified between limestone layers or as generalized karstified subsurface accumulations. The proposed classification, based on morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, establishes a necessary distinction among the three types of materials, since they differ in their properties and geotechnical behavior relevant for soil management and land use. Using the proposed classification will allow their distinct characteristics can be taken into account when performing geological or soil surveys in this and similar arid regions.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72733
url https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72733
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-094927-B-I00
Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologiaActa2021.19.8
Geologica acta, 2021, vol.19, p.1-21
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-sa (c) Poch et al., 2021
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-sa (c) Poch et al., 2021
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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