Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids
Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that transforms diverse categories of biomass feedstock to renewable energy, in the form of methane, and contributes to resources conservation and greenhouse gases emission mitigation. Lipid-rich waste and wastewaters have a high energy potential, however...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2013 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/94878 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/94878 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-94878 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbic Residus -- Eliminació Energia tèrmica Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria química |
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Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| title |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| spellingShingle |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids Affes Salah, Rim Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbic Residus -- Eliminació Energia tèrmica Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria química |
| title_short |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| title_full |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| title_fullStr |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| title_sort |
Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acids |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Affes Salah, Rim |
| author |
Affes Salah, Rim |
| author_facet |
Affes Salah, Rim |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Flotats Ripoll, Xavier Palatsi Civit, Jordi |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbic Residus -- Eliminació Energia tèrmica Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria química |
| topic |
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbic Residus -- Eliminació Energia tèrmica Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria química |
| description |
Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that transforms diverse categories of biomass feedstock to renewable energy, in the form of methane, and contributes to resources conservation and greenhouse gases emission mitigation. Lipid-rich waste and wastewaters have a high energy potential, however efficient methane recovery with conventional anaerobic digestion technology is not easy to achieve because of a wide assortment of operational problems mainly related to the accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), products of lipids hydrolysis, in the system. The objective of the present dissertation is to test and to evaluate new methodologies and strategies to improve the anaerobic digestion of high-strength lipid waste. In a preliminary approach, the suitability and the attractiveness of high-strength lipid wastes and slaughterhouse wastes for biogas production was confirmed, suffice to control the applied organic load. The obtained results reinforced the existing knowledge describing the flotation and wash-out of substrate/biomass and the inhibition phenomena affecting the microbial population, as the main process drawbacks. The results of studies submitting anaerobic reactors to increasing concentrations of lipids/LCFA underlined the importance of the adsorption of LCFA onto the microbial cell membrane as limiting factor, guiding further research to found new technical approaches in order to control the biomass-LCFA adsorption dynamics. The use of inorganic adsorbents to capture LCFA prior to the anaerobic digestion process or the application of sequential low-energy ultrasonic pulses in order to control the adsorption-desorption kinetics were tested with interesting results. However, the effectiveness of these strategies was limited by the proportion of inorganic adsorbent/LCFA and the cumulative damaging effect of ultrasonic treatment over biomass, respectively. Further studies are thus required to optimize the efficiency and the applicability of these strategies. Efficient conversion of complex high-strength lipid waste to methane was proved to be possible in a novel reactor system configuration combining saponification pre-treatment and digested solids recirculation to the anaerobic digestion process, to increase solids retention time. A start-up step consisting on pulse-feeding cycles of the fatty waste prior to the semi-continuous process promoted an adapted microbial community for LCFA mineralization. The feasibility of this system configuration for solid slaughterhouse fatty waste was evidenced at lab scale reactors, reaching organic matter removal efficiencies higher than 90%. The comparison of this configuration with systems without saponification or without digested solids recirculation confirmed the synergistic effect of both strategies. The use of high throughput sequencing approach (454-pyrosequencing) to characterize the evolution of the biodiversity and the phylogenetic structure of the microbial community during the operation of the tested configurations concluded that a selection of a defined functional acidogenic population (ß-oxidizers) was induced by substrate pretreatment. Contrary, the solids recirculation resulted in an enrichment of the methanogenic biodiversity, mainly of hydrogenotrophic archaea. Based on the satisfactory results obtained with the strategies studied in the present dissertation, it is expected that lipid-rich waste valorization will be a real alternative to increase renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion process. |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013 2013-05-14 2013 2013-06-18 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
doctoral thesis http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 VoR http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/2117/94878 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-94878 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/2117/94878 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-94878 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language |
eng |
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open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
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reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
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UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
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UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
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Study of methods for the improvement of the anaerobic digestion of lipids and long chain fatty acidsAffes Salah, RimAigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament anaeròbicResidus -- EliminacióEnergia tèrmicaÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria químicaAnaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that transforms diverse categories of biomass feedstock to renewable energy, in the form of methane, and contributes to resources conservation and greenhouse gases emission mitigation. Lipid-rich waste and wastewaters have a high energy potential, however efficient methane recovery with conventional anaerobic digestion technology is not easy to achieve because of a wide assortment of operational problems mainly related to the accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), products of lipids hydrolysis, in the system. The objective of the present dissertation is to test and to evaluate new methodologies and strategies to improve the anaerobic digestion of high-strength lipid waste. In a preliminary approach, the suitability and the attractiveness of high-strength lipid wastes and slaughterhouse wastes for biogas production was confirmed, suffice to control the applied organic load. The obtained results reinforced the existing knowledge describing the flotation and wash-out of substrate/biomass and the inhibition phenomena affecting the microbial population, as the main process drawbacks. The results of studies submitting anaerobic reactors to increasing concentrations of lipids/LCFA underlined the importance of the adsorption of LCFA onto the microbial cell membrane as limiting factor, guiding further research to found new technical approaches in order to control the biomass-LCFA adsorption dynamics. The use of inorganic adsorbents to capture LCFA prior to the anaerobic digestion process or the application of sequential low-energy ultrasonic pulses in order to control the adsorption-desorption kinetics were tested with interesting results. However, the effectiveness of these strategies was limited by the proportion of inorganic adsorbent/LCFA and the cumulative damaging effect of ultrasonic treatment over biomass, respectively. Further studies are thus required to optimize the efficiency and the applicability of these strategies. Efficient conversion of complex high-strength lipid waste to methane was proved to be possible in a novel reactor system configuration combining saponification pre-treatment and digested solids recirculation to the anaerobic digestion process, to increase solids retention time. A start-up step consisting on pulse-feeding cycles of the fatty waste prior to the semi-continuous process promoted an adapted microbial community for LCFA mineralization. The feasibility of this system configuration for solid slaughterhouse fatty waste was evidenced at lab scale reactors, reaching organic matter removal efficiencies higher than 90%. The comparison of this configuration with systems without saponification or without digested solids recirculation confirmed the synergistic effect of both strategies. The use of high throughput sequencing approach (454-pyrosequencing) to characterize the evolution of the biodiversity and the phylogenetic structure of the microbial community during the operation of the tested configurations concluded that a selection of a defined functional acidogenic population (ß-oxidizers) was induced by substrate pretreatment. Contrary, the solids recirculation resulted in an enrichment of the methanogenic biodiversity, mainly of hydrogenotrophic archaea. Based on the satisfactory results obtained with the strategies studied in the present dissertation, it is expected that lipid-rich waste valorization will be a real alternative to increase renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion process.La digestión anaerobia es un proceso bioquímico que transforma diversas categorías de materias primas de biomasa en energía renovable en forma de metano, además de contribuir a la conservación de los recursos y la mitigación de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Los residuos y las aguas residuales ricas en lípidos presentan un elevado potencial energético, sin embargo una eficiente recuperación del metano no es fácil de conseguir mediante las tecnologías convencionales debido a una gran variedad de problemas operativos relacionados, principalmente, con la acumulación en el sistema de ácidos grasos de cadena larga (LCFA), productos de la hidrólisis de los lípidos. El objetivo de la presente tesis es analizar y evaluar nuevas metodologías y estrategias de tratamiento para mejorar la digestión anaerobia de los residuos con alto contenido en lípidos. En una primera aproximación, se confirmó el interés de los residuos ricos en lípidos y de los subproductos animales para la producción de biogás, mediante el control de la carga orgánica aplicada. Los resultados obtenidos refuerzan el conocimiento existente, que describe la flotación, el lavado de sustrato y biomasa, y los fenómenos de inhibición por LCFA, como los principales limitantes del proceso. El estudio del comportamiento de reactores anaerobios sometidos a alimentación por pulsos de lípidos/LCFA señaló la importancia de la adsorción de LCFA sobre la membrana celular como principal factor limitante, orientando la investigación hacia el desarrollo de nuevos enfoques técnicos con el fin de controlar la dinámica del proceso de adsorción de LCFA sobre la biomasa anaerobia. En este sentido, el uso de adsorbentes inorgánicos para la captura de LCFA antes del proceso de digestión anaerobia o la aplicación secuencial de pulsos ultrasonidos de baja energía, con el fin de controlar la cinética de adsorción-desorción, aportaron resultados interesantes. Sin embargo, la eficiencia de estas estrategias fue limitada por la proporción adsorbente inorgánico/LCFA y por el efecto acumulativo contraproducente de los ultrasonidos sobre la biomasa, respectivamente. Otros estudios son necesarios para optimizar la eficiencia y la aplicabilidad de estas estrategias. Una conversión eficiente de residuos complejos con alto contenido lipídico en metano se ha demostrado que era posible mediante una nueva configuración de sistema de reacción, combinando el pre-tratamiento de saponificación y la recirculación de sólidos al digestor anaerobio. Una etapa de puesta en marcha antes del proceso semi-continuo, que consistió en ciclos de alimentación por pulsos, promovió una comunidad microbiana adaptada para la mineralización de LCFA. La viabilidad de esta configuración para los residuos cárnicos sólidos se comprobó a escala de laboratorio, alcanzando un rendimiento de degradación de la materia orgánica superior al 90%. La comparación de esta configuración con sistemas sin saponificación o sin recirculación de los sólidos digeridos confirmó el efecto sinérgico de ambas estrategias. Paralelamente, el uso de técnicas avanzadas de biología molecular (454-pyrosecuenciación) para caracterizar la evolución de la biodiversidad y la estructura filogenética de la comunidad microbiana implicada durante la operación de las configuraciones estudiadas concluyó que el pre-tratamiento del sustrato favoreció la selección de una población acidogénica específica (ß-oxidantes), mientras que la recirculación de sólidos promovió el enriquecimiento de la biodiversidad metanogénica, principalmente de arqueas hidrogenotróficas. Basándose en los resultados satisfactorios obtenidos con las estrategias estudiadas en la presente tesis doctoral, se espera que la valorización de residuos ricos en lípidos represente una alternativa atractiva que permita aumentar la producción de energía renovable a través del proceso de digestión anaerobia.Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaFlotats Ripoll, XavierPalatsi Civit, Jordi20132013-05-1420132013-06-18doctoral thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/94878https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-94878reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/948782026-05-27T15:37:01Z |
| score |
15,300719 |