Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device

Nitrogen-doped carbide-derived carbons (N-CDCs) are promising materials for energy storage due to their tunable structure and chemistry. Here, we design a molecular architecture strategy to promote nitrogen incorporation and microstructural control during the synthesis of N-CDCs. By varying polymeri...

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Autores: Pérez-Román, Berta, Mazo Fernández, María Alejandra, Pascual, Laura, Pap, J.S., Balázsi, C., Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer, S., García-Gómez, A., López-Sánchez, Jesús, Rubio Marcos, Fernando
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::075485db9203abf4859ee62bb44e4c19
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429704
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020753734?origin=resultslist
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:aqueous electrolyte
carbide-derived carbon
electrochemistry
hierarchical porosity
nitrogen doping
pouch cell
supercapacitor
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spelling Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch DevicePérez-Román, BertaMazo Fernández, María AlejandraPascual, LauraPap, J.S.Balázsi, C.Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer, S.García-Gómez, A.López-Sánchez, JesúsRubio Marcos, Fernandoaqueous electrolytecarbide-derived carbonelectrochemistryhierarchical porositynitrogen dopingpouch cellsupercapacitorNitrogen-doped carbide-derived carbons (N-CDCs) are promising materials for energy storage due to their tunable structure and chemistry. Here, we design a molecular architecture strategy to promote nitrogen incorporation and microstructural control during the synthesis of N-CDCs. By varying polymerization and pyrolysis conditions, we obtain materials with hierarchical porosity and high specific surface area (S BET > 2000 m2 g−1) and nitrogen content between 1.8 and 6.4 wt.%. Electrochemical evaluation in aqueous 6 M KOH using both three- and two-electrode configurations, identifies nitrogen doping, defect density, and hierarchical porosity as key contributors to performance. The optimized N-CDC delivers a specific capacitance of 210 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with high retention at elevated current densities. A proof-of-concept pouch cell shows 100 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and stable cycling over 5000 cycles, resulting in superior coulombic efficiency. The practical applicability is demonstrated with two pouch cells connected in series to power an electronic watch (1.5 V). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of molecular-level control in the design of high-performance carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes. © 2025 The Author(s). Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.The study was supported by projects from PERTE-VEC INVECPRO PID2023-153398OB-I00, PID2023-151036OA-I00, and TED2021-132800B-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+); Renewable Energy National Laboratory (Hungary), financed by the RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00009 project; National Research, Development, and Innovation Office–OTKA NKFI 146076; grant RYC2022-035912-I funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and Comunidad de Madrid, the Industrial Doctorates project (IND2020/IND-17375), co-financed by the European Social Fund.Peer reviewedJohn Wiley & SonsConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/429704https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020753734?origin=resultslistreponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésBattery Energyhttps://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.20250057Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::075485db9203abf4859ee62bb44e4c192026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
title Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
spellingShingle Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
Pérez-Román, Berta
aqueous electrolyte
carbide-derived carbon
electrochemistry
hierarchical porosity
nitrogen doping
pouch cell
supercapacitor
title_short Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
title_full Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
title_fullStr Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
title_full_unstemmed Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
title_sort Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: From Fundamental Studies to Practical Pouch Device
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-Román, Berta
Mazo Fernández, María Alejandra
Pascual, Laura
Pap, J.S.
Balázsi, C.
Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer, S.
García-Gómez, A.
López-Sánchez, Jesús
Rubio Marcos, Fernando
author Pérez-Román, Berta
author_facet Pérez-Román, Berta
Mazo Fernández, María Alejandra
Pascual, Laura
Pap, J.S.
Balázsi, C.
Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer, S.
García-Gómez, A.
López-Sánchez, Jesús
Rubio Marcos, Fernando
author_role author
author2 Mazo Fernández, María Alejandra
Pascual, Laura
Pap, J.S.
Balázsi, C.
Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer, S.
García-Gómez, A.
López-Sánchez, Jesús
Rubio Marcos, Fernando
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv aqueous electrolyte
carbide-derived carbon
electrochemistry
hierarchical porosity
nitrogen doping
pouch cell
supercapacitor
topic aqueous electrolyte
carbide-derived carbon
electrochemistry
hierarchical porosity
nitrogen doping
pouch cell
supercapacitor
description Nitrogen-doped carbide-derived carbons (N-CDCs) are promising materials for energy storage due to their tunable structure and chemistry. Here, we design a molecular architecture strategy to promote nitrogen incorporation and microstructural control during the synthesis of N-CDCs. By varying polymerization and pyrolysis conditions, we obtain materials with hierarchical porosity and high specific surface area (S BET > 2000 m2 g−1) and nitrogen content between 1.8 and 6.4 wt.%. Electrochemical evaluation in aqueous 6 M KOH using both three- and two-electrode configurations, identifies nitrogen doping, defect density, and hierarchical porosity as key contributors to performance. The optimized N-CDC delivers a specific capacitance of 210 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with high retention at elevated current densities. A proof-of-concept pouch cell shows 100 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and stable cycling over 5000 cycles, resulting in superior coulombic efficiency. The practical applicability is demonstrated with two pouch cells connected in series to power an electronic watch (1.5 V). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of molecular-level control in the design of high-performance carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes. © 2025 The Author(s). Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429704
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020753734?origin=resultslist
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429704
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020753734?origin=resultslist
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Battery Energy
https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.20250057

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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