Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny

The biological processes underlying the wide phenotypic mammal diversity are still not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined how major stages in the life history of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus Amphibius) influence its craniomandibular morphology throughout ontogeny. Using geome...

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Autores: Fidalgo, Dario, Bibi, Faysal, Pandolfi, Luca, Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, Martino, Roberta, El Eshraky, Kheloud, Palancar, Carlos A., Madurell-Malapeira, Joan, Rosas, Antonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::523c546df5e18df6609d6ef7cf18ac92
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429760
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:3D‐geometric morphometrics
Craniomandibular shape analysis
Hippopotamus amphibius
Life‐history
Ontogeny
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spelling Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull OntogenyFidalgo, DarioBibi, FaysalPandolfi, LucaBoisserie, Jean-RenaudMartino, RobertaEl Eshraky, KheloudPalancar, Carlos A.Madurell-Malapeira, JoanRosas, Antonio3D‐geometric morphometricsCraniomandibular shape analysisHippopotamus amphibiusLife‐historyOntogenyThe biological processes underlying the wide phenotypic mammal diversity are still not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined how major stages in the life history of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus Amphibius) influence its craniomandibular morphology throughout ontogeny. Using geometric morphometrics and life-history meta-analysis correlations, we characterized skulls from 198 individuals spanning 20 developmental stages. The most significant morphological changes were observed during early infancy (0–3 years), coinciding with lactation and weaning, and during puberty (10–15 years), coinciding with reproductive maturation. These findings align with growth patterns typical of social mammals exhibiting high sexual dimorphism. Notably, we identified a pattern previously undocumented in any other vertebrate: cranial morphology stabilizes earlier than the mandibular one. Specifically, late-stage (20–25 years) shape modification in the mandibles indicates progressive reconfiguration of masticatory biomechanics as well as a continuous change of dental occlusion throughout life. This pattern is common in both male and female individuals and may be related to shifts in diet rather than sexual selection. This study provides the most comprehensive ontogenetic dataset for a semi-aquatic, large semigraviportal mammal with a polygynous social structure, offering a valuable foundation for future evolutionary studies based on comparative analyses.Comisión Europea; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Ministerio de Universidades (España); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social; University of Florence; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; SYNTHESYS+ program; Università degli Studi di Firenze (Italia); Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Next Generation EUPeer reviewedJohn Wiley & SonsEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Ministerio de Universidades (España)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)Università degli Studi di FirenzeConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2026202620252026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/429760reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/823827info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCIN/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-122356NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MIU/Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario/FPU20info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//2021.08458.BDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UNIFI/Progetto Giovani Ricercatori Protagonisti/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/P2022RZ4PLinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/IPHES/200.400 Fund. I‐Cerca 2020/http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.70013Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::523c546df5e18df6609d6ef7cf18ac922026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
title Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
spellingShingle Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
Fidalgo, Dario
3D‐geometric morphometrics
Craniomandibular shape analysis
Hippopotamus amphibius
Life‐history
Ontogeny
title_short Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
title_full Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
title_fullStr Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
title_sort Impact of Life History on Hippopotamus Skull Ontogeny
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fidalgo, Dario
Bibi, Faysal
Pandolfi, Luca
Boisserie, Jean-Renaud
Martino, Roberta
El Eshraky, Kheloud
Palancar, Carlos A.
Madurell-Malapeira, Joan
Rosas, Antonio
author Fidalgo, Dario
author_facet Fidalgo, Dario
Bibi, Faysal
Pandolfi, Luca
Boisserie, Jean-Renaud
Martino, Roberta
El Eshraky, Kheloud
Palancar, Carlos A.
Madurell-Malapeira, Joan
Rosas, Antonio
author_role author
author2 Bibi, Faysal
Pandolfi, Luca
Boisserie, Jean-Renaud
Martino, Roberta
El Eshraky, Kheloud
Palancar, Carlos A.
Madurell-Malapeira, Joan
Rosas, Antonio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Ministerio de Universidades (España)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 3D‐geometric morphometrics
Craniomandibular shape analysis
Hippopotamus amphibius
Life‐history
Ontogeny
topic 3D‐geometric morphometrics
Craniomandibular shape analysis
Hippopotamus amphibius
Life‐history
Ontogeny
description The biological processes underlying the wide phenotypic mammal diversity are still not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined how major stages in the life history of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus Amphibius) influence its craniomandibular morphology throughout ontogeny. Using geometric morphometrics and life-history meta-analysis correlations, we characterized skulls from 198 individuals spanning 20 developmental stages. The most significant morphological changes were observed during early infancy (0–3 years), coinciding with lactation and weaning, and during puberty (10–15 years), coinciding with reproductive maturation. These findings align with growth patterns typical of social mammals exhibiting high sexual dimorphism. Notably, we identified a pattern previously undocumented in any other vertebrate: cranial morphology stabilizes earlier than the mandibular one. Specifically, late-stage (20–25 years) shape modification in the mandibles indicates progressive reconfiguration of masticatory biomechanics as well as a continuous change of dental occlusion throughout life. This pattern is common in both male and female individuals and may be related to shifts in diet rather than sexual selection. This study provides the most comprehensive ontogenetic dataset for a semi-aquatic, large semigraviportal mammal with a polygynous social structure, offering a valuable foundation for future evolutionary studies based on comparative analyses.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429760
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429760
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/823827
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCIN/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-122356NB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MIU/Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario/FPU20
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//2021.08458.BD
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UNIFI/Progetto Giovani Ricercatori Protagonisti/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/P2022RZ4PL
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/IPHES/200.400 Fund. I‐Cerca 2020/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.70013
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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