Impurity-induced formation of Ti₁₋ₓZrₓB₂ solid solution ceramics during combined SHS-SPS sintering

Combination of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from Ti + B powder mixture followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is introduced for the fabrication of titanium diboride. Oxide impurities, including zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, are identified in the synthesized powders: the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: López-Arenal, Jesús, Moshtaghioun, Bibi Malmal, Gómez-García, Diego, García Fernández, María, Rodríguez, Miguel A., Moreno, Rodrigo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/415764
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/415764
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022463186
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)
Sliding wear
Spark plasma sintering (SPS)
TiB2
Descripción
Sumario:Combination of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from Ti + B powder mixture followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is introduced for the fabrication of titanium diboride. Oxide impurities, including zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, are identified in the synthesized powders: the first one coming from the milling process after SHS to minimize agglomeration and the second one is a common oxide fine layer on particle surface. Both oxide phases are reduced during SPS treatment. Results confirm that increasing the SPS temperature enhances the reduction of ZrO₂, facilitating the incorporation of Zr cations into the lattice through substitution at Ti sites, thus allowing the formation of this solid solution diboride: Ti<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>B<inf>2</inf>. The key finding is that the presence of a small amount of Zr cation, with higher atomic radius in TiB<inf>2</inf> crystal structure results in crystal distortion and it creates significant solid solution hardening effect as well as an improved wear response.