Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars

Determining snow water equivalent (SWE) in a fast and nondestructive way is a key request for many hydrologists and snow scientists. To this aim, microwave ground-based radars represent a viable solution, but often the simultaneous measurement of both the snowpack depth and density (the key ingredie...

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Autores: Espín-López, PF, Pasian, M
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
Repositorio:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
OAI Identifier:oai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p1400
Acceso en línea:https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1400
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Snow
Radar antennas
Receivers
Radar measurements
Density measurement
Radar remote sensing
Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave ground-based bi-static radar
multipath
snow water equivalent (SWE)
snowpack monitoring
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spelling Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based RadarsEspín-López, PFPasian, MSnowRadar antennasReceiversRadar measurementsDensity measurementRadar remote sensingFrequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave ground-based bi-static radarmultipathsnow water equivalent (SWE)snowpack monitoringDetermining snow water equivalent (SWE) in a fast and nondestructive way is a key request for many hydrologists and snow scientists. To this aim, microwave ground-based radars represent a viable solution, but often the simultaneous measurement of both the snowpack depth and density (the key ingredients for the SWE) is very complex, inaccurate, or requires difficult procedures and equipment. This letter presents a novel radar technique for self-standing calculation of the SWE that can be applied to bi-static radars. This technique, based on the multipath propagation of the radar signal into the snowpack, only requires a radar with two fixed antennas, without any other device, movement of the antennas, or a priori empirical assumptions. This makes such a technique particularly suitable for light and portable radars for rapidly probing large areas, providing, for example, an innovative validation means for satellite-based microwave remote sensing methods. The proposed technique was demonstrated using a stepped frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in field conditions for dry snow, delivering results for snow depth and SWE, benchmarked by manual analyses of the snowpack, with a mean absolute error better than 5 cm.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.2021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1400IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERSISSN: 1545598XISSNe: 15580571reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p14002026-06-17T11:44:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
title Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
spellingShingle Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
Espín-López, PF
Snow
Radar antennas
Receivers
Radar measurements
Density measurement
Radar remote sensing
Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave ground-based bi-static radar
multipath
snow water equivalent (SWE)
snowpack monitoring
title_short Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
title_full Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
title_fullStr Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
title_full_unstemmed Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
title_sort Determination of Snow Water Equivalent for Dry Snowpacks Using the Multipath Propagation of Ground-Based Radars
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Espín-López, PF
Pasian, M
author Espín-López, PF
author_facet Espín-López, PF
Pasian, M
author_role author
author2 Pasian, M
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Snow
Radar antennas
Receivers
Radar measurements
Density measurement
Radar remote sensing
Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave ground-based bi-static radar
multipath
snow water equivalent (SWE)
snowpack monitoring
topic Snow
Radar antennas
Receivers
Radar measurements
Density measurement
Radar remote sensing
Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave ground-based bi-static radar
multipath
snow water equivalent (SWE)
snowpack monitoring
description Determining snow water equivalent (SWE) in a fast and nondestructive way is a key request for many hydrologists and snow scientists. To this aim, microwave ground-based radars represent a viable solution, but often the simultaneous measurement of both the snowpack depth and density (the key ingredients for the SWE) is very complex, inaccurate, or requires difficult procedures and equipment. This letter presents a novel radar technique for self-standing calculation of the SWE that can be applied to bi-static radars. This technique, based on the multipath propagation of the radar signal into the snowpack, only requires a radar with two fixed antennas, without any other device, movement of the antennas, or a priori empirical assumptions. This makes such a technique particularly suitable for light and portable radars for rapidly probing large areas, providing, for example, an innovative validation means for satellite-based microwave remote sensing methods. The proposed technique was demonstrated using a stepped frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in field conditions for dry snow, delivering results for snow depth and SWE, benchmarked by manual analyses of the snowpack, with a mean absolute error better than 5 cm.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1400
url https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1400
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
ISSN: 1545598X
ISSNe: 15580571
reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname_str Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
reponame_str r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
collection r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812429

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