Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research

28 pages, 9 tables, 8 figures

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rončević, Vukašin, Živanović, Nikola, Radulović, Lazar, Ristić, Ratko, Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza, Fernández-Raga, María, Prats Alegre, Sergio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/396424
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/396424
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105010512881
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Calibration of rainfall simulator
Drop-size distribution
Erosion experiments
Kinetic energy of rainfall and momentum of rainfall | | | |
Rainfall erosivity
Rainfall intensity
Rainfall simulator
Rainfall uniformity
Soil erosion
Spraying nozzles
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
rainfall
id ES_f31371eb6376bf2cf91b4bd9935eb4ef
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/396424
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
title Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
spellingShingle Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
Rončević, Vukašin
Calibration of rainfall simulator
Drop-size distribution
Erosion experiments
Kinetic energy of rainfall and momentum of rainfall | | | |
Rainfall erosivity
Rainfall intensity
Rainfall simulator
Rainfall uniformity
Soil erosion
Spraying nozzles
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
rainfall
title_short Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
title_full Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
title_fullStr Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
title_full_unstemmed Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
title_sort Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion Research
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rončević, Vukašin
Živanović, Nikola
Radulović, Lazar
Ristić, Ratko
Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza
Fernández-Raga, María
Prats Alegre, Sergio
author Rončević, Vukašin
author_facet Rončević, Vukašin
Živanović, Nikola
Radulović, Lazar
Ristić, Ratko
Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza
Fernández-Raga, María
Prats Alegre, Sergio
author_role author
author2 Živanović, Nikola
Radulović, Lazar
Ristić, Ratko
Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza
Fernández-Raga, María
Prats Alegre, Sergio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation (Serbia)
Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Rončević, Vukašin [0000-0001-6792-1144]
Živanović, Nikola [0000-0003-0340-5516]
Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza [0000-0002-5419-8062]
Fernández-Raga, María [0000-0002-8228-6705]
Prats Alegre, Sergio [0000-0002-7341-877X]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Calibration of rainfall simulator
Drop-size distribution
Erosion experiments
Kinetic energy of rainfall and momentum of rainfall | | | |
Rainfall erosivity
Rainfall intensity
Rainfall simulator
Rainfall uniformity
Soil erosion
Spraying nozzles
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
rainfall
topic Calibration of rainfall simulator
Drop-size distribution
Erosion experiments
Kinetic energy of rainfall and momentum of rainfall | | | |
Rainfall erosivity
Rainfall intensity
Rainfall simulator
Rainfall uniformity
Soil erosion
Spraying nozzles
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
rainfall
description 28 pages, 9 tables, 8 figures
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/396424
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105010512881
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/396424
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105010512881
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Water Switzerland
https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131863

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869424342578757632
spelling Design, Calibration, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Fidelity Spraying Rainfall Simulator for Soil Erosion ResearchRončević, VukašinŽivanović, NikolaRadulović, LazarRistić, RatkoSadeghi, Seyed HamidrezaFernández-Raga, MaríaPrats Alegre, SergioCalibration of rainfall simulatorDrop-size distributionErosion experimentsKinetic energy of rainfall and momentum of rainfall | | | |Rainfall erosivityRainfall intensityRainfall simulatorRainfall uniformitySoil erosionSpraying nozzleshttp://metadata.un.org/sdg/13Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impactsrainfall28 pages, 9 tables, 8 figuresRainfall simulators are essential tools in soil research, providing a controlled and repeatable approach to studying rainfall-induced erosion. However, the development of high-fidelity rainfall simulators remains a challenge. This study aimed to design, construct, and calibrate a spraying-type rainfall simulator and validate assessment criteria optimized for soil erosion research. The simulator’s design is based on a modified simulator model previously described in the literature and following the defined criteria. The calibration of the simulator was conducted in two phases, on slopes of 0° and 15°, measuring rainfall intensity, drop size, and its spatial distribution, and calculating drop falling velocity, kinetic energy, and momentum. The simulator consists of structural support, a water tank, a water-moving mechanism, a flow regulation system, and sprayers, contributing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, durability, rigidity, and stability, ensuring smooth simulator operation. The calibration of the rainfall simulator demonstrated that rainfall intensity increased from 1.4 mm·min<sup>−1</sup> to 4.6 mm·min<sup>−1</sup> with higher pressure in the hydraulic system (1.0 to 2.0 bar), while spatial uniformity remained within 79–91% across different nozzle configurations. The selected Rain Bird HE-VAN series nozzles proved highly effective in simulating rainfall, achieving drop diameters ranging from 0.8 mm to 1.9 mm, depending on pressure and nozzle type. The rainfall simulator successfully replicates natural rainfall characteristics, offering a controlled environment for investigating soil erosion processes. Drop velocity values varied between 2.5 and 2.9 m·s<sup>−1</sup>, influencing kinetic energy, which ranged from 0.6 J·min<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup> to 2.9 J·min<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>, and impact momentum, which was measured between 0.005 N·s and 0.032 N·s. The simulator design suggests that it is suitable for future applications in both field and laboratory soil erosion research, ensuring repeatability and adaptability for various experimental conditions. Calibration results emphasized the significance of nozzle selection and water pressure adjustments. These factors significantly affect rainfall intensity, drop size, kinetic energy, and momentum, parameters that are critical for accurate erosion modeling.This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of Republic of Serbia (Contract No.: 451-03-66/2024-03/200026, 451-03-137/2025-03/200169, 451-03-136/2025-03/200169), by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, No. 7043, Urban Forest Soil Indicators as a tool for Climate-Smart Forestry—UrbanFoS, and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the research contract RYC2022-035489-I.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteMinistry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation (Serbia)Science Fund of the Republic of SerbiaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Rončević, Vukašin [0000-0001-6792-1144]Živanović, Nikola [0000-0003-0340-5516]Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza [0000-0002-5419-8062]Fernández-Raga, María [0000-0002-8228-6705]Prats Alegre, Sergio [0000-0002-7341-877X]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/396424https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105010512881reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésWater Switzerlandhttps://doi.org/10.3390/w17131863Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3964242026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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