Differential Psychological and Social Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Youth With and Without Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents and young adults is a serious public health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health worldwide. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the differential impacts of COVID-19 on psychological health, social supp...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Schmidt C, Otero D, Pascual JC, Romero S, Puntí J, Lara A, Sintes A, Mendez I, Nicolaou S, Soler J, Vega D
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
Repositorio:r-FSJD. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica de la Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:r-fsjd______::15c344b7efd89433982e3736f354770f
Acceso en línea:https://fsjd.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=30358
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:non-suicidal self-injury
COVID-19
self-harm
young adult
perceived social support
Descripción
Sumario:Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents and young adults is a serious public health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health worldwide. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the differential impacts of COVID-19 on psychological health, social support, and academic performance among young adults with and without previous history of NSSI. Methods: From an initial sample of 603 college students, 241 (40%) completed this 2.5-year follow-up study. The first assessment was in January-February/2020 (pre-pandemic) and the second in June-July/2022 (post-pandemic). Participants were grouped based on the presence or absence of NSSI at baseline. Variables assessed included sociodemographic data, academic performance, COVID-19-related experiences, clinical characteristics, and perceived social support. Results: A significant reduction in the prevalence of NSSI behaviors was observed over the follow-up period, decreasing from 35% to 8.7%. The NSSI group endorsed worse academic performance post-pandemic. While they maintained stable clinical severity with no observed worsening, during pandemic period they experienced an improvement in perceived social support. In contrast, the Non-NSSI group experienced a decline in perceived social support during the same period. Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies, our findings indicate that young adults with NSSI significantly reduced self-harm behaviors after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although their academic performance was negatively affected, their clinical severity and social support did not worsen compared to those without NSSI. Findings indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak did not increase NSSI behaviors or exacerbate psychopathology in individuals with NSSI.