Degradation of organophosphate flame retardants by white-rot fungi

The environmental persistence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in water is becoming and environmental concern. White Rot Fungi (WRF) have proven its capability to degrade certain OPFRs such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (T...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Losantos, Diana|||0000-0002-7782-3537, Fernández-Arribas, Julio, Pérez-Trujillo, Míriam|||0000-0002-6919-7417, Eljarrat, Ethel, Sarrà, Montserrat|||0000-0002-3447-6328, Caminal i Saperas, Glòria|||0000-0001-9646-6099
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:309982
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/309982
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178260
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Biodegradation
Demethylation
Hydroxylation
OPFRs
Transformation products
Biodegradation, Environmental
Organophosphates/metabolism
Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
Animals
Flame Retardants/metabolism
Basidiomycota/metabolism
Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism
Descripción
Sumario:The environmental persistence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in water is becoming and environmental concern. White Rot Fungi (WRF) have proven its capability to degrade certain OPFRs such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP). Despite this capability, there is limited knowledge about the specific pathways involved in the degradation. In this study, three different WRF were paired with individual OPFRs, and potential transformation products (TPs) were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Some compounds structures were further validated by NMR. From these data degradation pathways were proposed. TBP was degraded by successive hydroxylation and hydrolysis reactions, with a novel dehydrogenation step suggested. Both TCEP and TCPP underwent oxidative dechlorination, with TCEP experiencing subsequent hydrolysis. Uncommon reductive dehalogenation was also observed. TCPP further underwent hydroxylation and environmentally relevant methylation. TBEP generated numerous TPs, mainly by successive dealkylations, along with hydroxylation. Notably, demethylation in TBEP degradation was proposed for the first time. Additional secondary products were formed through hydroxylation and oxidation of the initial metabolites. Finally, in vivo and in silico toxicity assessments were conducted, identifying certain TPs as potentially toxic.