Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador

This study quantifies the degree of pollution and assess the ecological risk of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in sediments and soils of the Limoncocha Biological Reserve (Ecuador), identified as a Ramsar site with high ecological and socioeconomic value. The hydrologic system of the R...

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Autores: Coral Carrillo, Katty, Cabrera Drouet, Juan, Rodríguez Romero, Araceli, Tovar Sánchez, Antonio, Ruiz Gutiérrez, Gema, Viguri Fuente, Javier Rufino|||0000-0002-6658-0429
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/21647
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10902/21647
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Limoncocha
Biological reserve
Sediment
Soil
Potentially toxic elements
Individual and integral indices
PCA and SOM analysis
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spelling Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of EcuadorCoral Carrillo, KattyCabrera Drouet, JuanRodríguez Romero, AraceliTovar Sánchez, AntonioRuiz Gutiérrez, GemaViguri Fuente, Javier Rufino|||0000-0002-6658-0429LimoncochaBiological reserveSedimentSoilPotentially toxic elementsIndividual and integral indicesPCA and SOM analysisThis study quantifies the degree of pollution and assess the ecological risk of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in sediments and soils of the Limoncocha Biological Reserve (Ecuador), identified as a Ramsar site with high ecological and socioeconomic value. The hydrologic system of the Reserve is mainly formed by two rivers that drain into the Limoncocha lagoon, which occupies only five percent of the protected area but support a high anthropic influence. Local statistical baseline of studied potentially toxic elements is established using cumulative frequency method, and Al is selected as reference element due to the good correlation with the studied elements. The grade of pollution and the potential ecological risk are evaluated applying three individual (Contamination Factor, Geo-accumulation Index and Enrichment Factor) and six integrated (Degree and modified degree of contamination, Pollution Load Index, Nemerow and modified Nemerow pollution indexes and potential ecological risk index) indices. Results analysis are based on the combined application of traditional statistics, multivariate data analysis and self organizing maps. Outcomes suggest to classify sediments and soils as “moderate contamination and enrichment” due mainly to the concentrations of Cu (66.4–110 mg/kg) and Cd (0.0262–0.808 mg/kg), derived from domestic wastewaters and agricultural activities, and in a lesser extent due to Mo (0.822–4.37 mg/kg), Ni (10.3–25.8 mg/kg), Co (7.27–24.8 mg/kg) and V (60.3–178 mg/kg), derived from oil field drilling activities. The distributions of As (0.328–8.83 mg/kg), Ba (143–1100 mg/kg), Pb (7.20–26.5 mg/kg), Zn (60.1–276 mg/kg) and Cr (10.1–48.6 mg/kg) are heterogeneous in the studied sampling sites. Sediments located next to the pier and at the central area of the Limoncocha lagoon, show moderate potential risk and according to sediment quality guidelines, the calculated mean Effect Range Median quotient (mERMq) classify the sites as medium-low priority risk level. A three-level classification of a mean quotient based on soil quality and soil potential uses is proposed. Soil sites with high anthropogenic activities show low to moderate potential ecological risk being classified as poor soil quality sites but with all potential soil uses allowed according to the legal limits for land uses in Ecuador.ElsevierUniversidad de Cantabria20212021-07-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10902/21647Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 289, 112495reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/216472026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
title Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
spellingShingle Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
Coral Carrillo, Katty
Limoncocha
Biological reserve
Sediment
Soil
Potentially toxic elements
Individual and integral indices
PCA and SOM analysis
title_short Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
title_full Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
title_fullStr Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
title_sort Spatial distribution and level of contamination of potentially toxic elements in sediments and soils of a biological reserve wetland, northern Amazon region of Ecuador
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Coral Carrillo, Katty
Cabrera Drouet, Juan
Rodríguez Romero, Araceli
Tovar Sánchez, Antonio
Ruiz Gutiérrez, Gema
Viguri Fuente, Javier Rufino|||0000-0002-6658-0429
author Coral Carrillo, Katty
author_facet Coral Carrillo, Katty
Cabrera Drouet, Juan
Rodríguez Romero, Araceli
Tovar Sánchez, Antonio
Ruiz Gutiérrez, Gema
Viguri Fuente, Javier Rufino|||0000-0002-6658-0429
author_role author
author2 Cabrera Drouet, Juan
Rodríguez Romero, Araceli
Tovar Sánchez, Antonio
Ruiz Gutiérrez, Gema
Viguri Fuente, Javier Rufino|||0000-0002-6658-0429
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Limoncocha
Biological reserve
Sediment
Soil
Potentially toxic elements
Individual and integral indices
PCA and SOM analysis
topic Limoncocha
Biological reserve
Sediment
Soil
Potentially toxic elements
Individual and integral indices
PCA and SOM analysis
description This study quantifies the degree of pollution and assess the ecological risk of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in sediments and soils of the Limoncocha Biological Reserve (Ecuador), identified as a Ramsar site with high ecological and socioeconomic value. The hydrologic system of the Reserve is mainly formed by two rivers that drain into the Limoncocha lagoon, which occupies only five percent of the protected area but support a high anthropic influence. Local statistical baseline of studied potentially toxic elements is established using cumulative frequency method, and Al is selected as reference element due to the good correlation with the studied elements. The grade of pollution and the potential ecological risk are evaluated applying three individual (Contamination Factor, Geo-accumulation Index and Enrichment Factor) and six integrated (Degree and modified degree of contamination, Pollution Load Index, Nemerow and modified Nemerow pollution indexes and potential ecological risk index) indices. Results analysis are based on the combined application of traditional statistics, multivariate data analysis and self organizing maps. Outcomes suggest to classify sediments and soils as “moderate contamination and enrichment” due mainly to the concentrations of Cu (66.4–110 mg/kg) and Cd (0.0262–0.808 mg/kg), derived from domestic wastewaters and agricultural activities, and in a lesser extent due to Mo (0.822–4.37 mg/kg), Ni (10.3–25.8 mg/kg), Co (7.27–24.8 mg/kg) and V (60.3–178 mg/kg), derived from oil field drilling activities. The distributions of As (0.328–8.83 mg/kg), Ba (143–1100 mg/kg), Pb (7.20–26.5 mg/kg), Zn (60.1–276 mg/kg) and Cr (10.1–48.6 mg/kg) are heterogeneous in the studied sampling sites. Sediments located next to the pier and at the central area of the Limoncocha lagoon, show moderate potential risk and according to sediment quality guidelines, the calculated mean Effect Range Median quotient (mERMq) classify the sites as medium-low priority risk level. A three-level classification of a mean quotient based on soil quality and soil potential uses is proposed. Soil sites with high anthropogenic activities show low to moderate potential ecological risk being classified as poor soil quality sites but with all potential soil uses allowed according to the legal limits for land uses in Ecuador.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-07-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10902/21647
url http://hdl.handle.net/10902/21647
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 289, 112495
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.301629

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