Expanding over-the-air computation with frequency modulations

In this study we introduce Logarithmic Frequency Shift Keying (Log-FSK), a novel frequency modulation for over-the-air computation (AirComp). Log-FSK leverages non-linear signal processing to produce AirComp in the frequency domain, this is, the maximum frequency of the received signal corresponds t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Martínez Gost, Marc|||0000-0003-0070-6807, Pérez Neira, Ana Isabel|||0000-0003-4281-3934, Lagunas Hernandez, Miguel A.|||0000-0003-3338-244X
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/448975
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/448975
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3576925
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Over-the-air computation
Frequency modulation
Nonlinear signal processing
Wireless sensor networks
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal
Descripción
Sumario:In this study we introduce Logarithmic Frequency Shift Keying (Log-FSK), a novel frequency modulation for over-the-air computation (AirComp). Log-FSK leverages non-linear signal processing to produce AirComp in the frequency domain, this is, the maximum frequency of the received signal corresponds to the sum of the individual transmitted frequencies. The demodulation procedure relies on the inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the extraction of the maximum frequency component. Log-FSK enables the computation of functions beyond the sum by incorporating nomographic function representation. Furthermore, unlike existing AirComp modulations, Log-FSK allows to compute several functions in a single transmission. We evaluate the capabilities of the scheme in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and flat-fading channels. To demonstrate its practicality, we present specific applications and experimental results showcasing the effectiveness of Log-FSK AirComp within linear Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Our numerical results show that Log-FSK outperform linear analog modulations in terms of MSE and power consumption.