Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in exercise and sports practice
[eng] Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive technique widely used in body composition assessment. Nevertheless, its accuracy is compromised because of its reliance on regression equations and assumptions that are not frequently met. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIV...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/131243 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/131243 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666587 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Composició corporal (Fisiologia) Impedància (Electricitat) Fisiologia humana Nutrició Hidratació Body composition Impedance (Electricity) Body composition (Physiology) Nutrition Hydration |
| Sumario: | [eng] Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive technique widely used in body composition assessment. Nevertheless, its accuracy is compromised because of its reliance on regression equations and assumptions that are not frequently met. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA or "classic BIVA") emerged as an alternative technique to overcome conventional BIA limitations, founding its main strength on the use of raw impedance variables. BIVA is nowadays a widely used technique in medicine for the assessment of hydration and nutritional status in different clinical conditions. Although there has been a rapid growth of interest regarding the application of BIVA in sport and exercise research and practice in the recent years, the current scientific literature is still scarce and very heterogeneous. For this reason, we first systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the bases, applications, usefulness and suitability of BIVA in sport and exercise (Study I). Furthermore, we outlined future perspectives in this field and suggested a research agenda. In Studies II and III, we aimed at providing the first description, in bioelectrical terms, of a group of young elite female synchronised swimmers and a group of experienced, well-trained, non-professional, ultra-endurance male triathletes, comparing them with a reference non-athletic population. Additionally, we assessed the variation in the whole-body bioimpedance vector and body mass after a training session in synchronised swimmers and after a competition in triathletes. We concluded that the bioimpedance vector analysis is a technique that has a great potential in sport and exercise, yet largely unexplored, especially for the identification of soft-tissue injury and its follow-up. However, "classic" BIVA is inconsistent in the assessment of two-compartment body composition and the vector position of athletes in relation to the reference population seems controversial in many cases. "Specific" BIVA, a method which proposes a correction of bioelectrical values for body geometry, seems to overcome this limitation . In any case, specific bioelectrical distributions were found in synchronised swimmers and triathletes in comparison with their healthy, general reference population. In relation with this, Study II reports for the first time specific tolerance ellipses in a female sport group. Furthermore, BIVA showed bioelectrical differences between synchronised swimmers of different age and performance level. Accordingly, Study III also reported bioelectrical differences between triathletes of different performance level. Regarding the assessment of hydration status through "classic" BIVA, this is not a valid method to identify dehydration in individual athletes. Nevertheless, vector changes are consistent with fluid loss induced by high intensity synchronised swimming training and by an ultra-endurance triathlon competition, regardless of age and performance level. Furthermore, vector changes seem consistent with fluid recovery 48h after the triathlon event. However, more research is needed regarding the relationship between the bioelectrical signal and physiological adaptations induced by different types of exercise, especially in how the structure and function of the cell are altered and how these affect the behaviour of resistance, and in particular reactance. |
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