Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles

PURPOSE. Classical proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, are absent from the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of most mammals, whereas palisade endings are present in most mammalian EOMs. Even-toed ungulates such as pigs are the only species with classical proprioceptors togethe...

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Autores: Carrero Rojas, Genova, Petersen, Arzu, Yildiz, Erdem, Martín Calvo, Paula, García Hernández, Rosendo Miguel, Streicher, Johannes, Rodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa María, Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel, Blumer, Roland
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:idus________::74090c596b4f31b094ab491bb316baf3
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/186065
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.3.1
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Extraocular muscles (EOMs)
Proprioception
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Palisade endings
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spelling Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye MusclesCarrero Rojas, GenovaPetersen, ArzuYildiz, ErdemMartín Calvo, PaulaGarcía Hernández, Rosendo MiguelStreicher, JohannesRodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa MaríaPastor Loro, Ángel ManuelBlumer, RolandExtraocular muscles (EOMs)ProprioceptionMuscle spindlesGolgi tendon organsPalisade endingsPURPOSE. Classical proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, are absent from the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of most mammals, whereas palisade endings are present in most mammalian EOMs. Even-toed ungulates such as pigs are the only species with classical proprioceptors together with palisade endings in their EOMs. This study aimed to compare the molecular phenotype of classical proprioceptors and palisade endings in pig EOMs. METHODS. EOMs from both eyes of nine pigs were analyzed. EOM cross sections and EOM whole mount preparations were immunolabeled with antibodies against neurofilament, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, complexin, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). These were used together with the toxins phalloidin and α-bungarotoxin. The analyses were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS. A capsule, expressing GLUT1, was present in muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs but not in palisade endings. Conversely, palisade endings express ChAT, whereas muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs lack it. An exception was the paraequatorial and polar regions of muscle spindles, where ChAT immunoreactivity was present. VGLUT1 was present in Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles but absent from palisade endings. In classical proprioceptors as well as palisade endings, nerve terminals exhibited synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, and complexin immunoreactivity. Alphabungarotoxin was present in the motor terminal of the muscle spindle’s paraequatorial and polar regions. CONCLUSIONS. Palisade endings and classical proprioceptors in pig EOMs differ regarding the capsular envelope and neurotransmitters. However, they equate each other with respect to proteins implicated in neurotransmitter release.Association for Research in Vision and OphthalmologyFisiologíaAustrian Science Fund (FWF)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaAgencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaEuropean Union (UE)2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/186065https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.3.1reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS), 67 (3), 1. P32463- BPGC2018-094654- B-100PGC2018-094654- B-100PID2024-155943NB-I00info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:idus________::74090c596b4f31b094ab491bb316baf32026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
title Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
spellingShingle Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
Carrero Rojas, Genova
Extraocular muscles (EOMs)
Proprioception
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Palisade endings
title_short Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
title_full Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
title_fullStr Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
title_full_unstemmed Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
title_sort Classical Proprioceptors and Palisade Endings Have Distinct Molecular Profiles in Pig Eye Muscles
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Carrero Rojas, Genova
Petersen, Arzu
Yildiz, Erdem
Martín Calvo, Paula
García Hernández, Rosendo Miguel
Streicher, Johannes
Rodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa María
Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel
Blumer, Roland
author Carrero Rojas, Genova
author_facet Carrero Rojas, Genova
Petersen, Arzu
Yildiz, Erdem
Martín Calvo, Paula
García Hernández, Rosendo Miguel
Streicher, Johannes
Rodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa María
Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel
Blumer, Roland
author_role author
author2 Petersen, Arzu
Yildiz, Erdem
Martín Calvo, Paula
García Hernández, Rosendo Miguel
Streicher, Johannes
Rodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa María
Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel
Blumer, Roland
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fisiología
Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
European Union (UE)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Extraocular muscles (EOMs)
Proprioception
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Palisade endings
topic Extraocular muscles (EOMs)
Proprioception
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Palisade endings
description PURPOSE. Classical proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, are absent from the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of most mammals, whereas palisade endings are present in most mammalian EOMs. Even-toed ungulates such as pigs are the only species with classical proprioceptors together with palisade endings in their EOMs. This study aimed to compare the molecular phenotype of classical proprioceptors and palisade endings in pig EOMs. METHODS. EOMs from both eyes of nine pigs were analyzed. EOM cross sections and EOM whole mount preparations were immunolabeled with antibodies against neurofilament, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, complexin, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). These were used together with the toxins phalloidin and α-bungarotoxin. The analyses were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS. A capsule, expressing GLUT1, was present in muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs but not in palisade endings. Conversely, palisade endings express ChAT, whereas muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs lack it. An exception was the paraequatorial and polar regions of muscle spindles, where ChAT immunoreactivity was present. VGLUT1 was present in Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles but absent from palisade endings. In classical proprioceptors as well as palisade endings, nerve terminals exhibited synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, and complexin immunoreactivity. Alphabungarotoxin was present in the motor terminal of the muscle spindle’s paraequatorial and polar regions. CONCLUSIONS. Palisade endings and classical proprioceptors in pig EOMs differ regarding the capsular envelope and neurotransmitters. However, they equate each other with respect to proteins implicated in neurotransmitter release.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/186065
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.3.1
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/186065
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.3.1
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS), 67 (3), 1.
P32463- B
PGC2018-094654- B-100
PGC2018-094654- B-100
PID2024-155943NB-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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