Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study.
Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients remains a critical priority given their immunocompromised status. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated humoral and cellular immunity across three time points-baseline, post-second dose, and post-booster-i...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) |
| Repositorio: | r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:fisabio.fundanetsuite.com:p19407 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://fisabio.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/19407 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | SARS-CoV-2 antibodies breast cancer mRNA vaccine microbiome |
| Sumario: | Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients remains a critical priority given their immunocompromised status. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated humoral and cellular immunity across three time points-baseline, post-second dose, and post-booster-in 23 breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment. IgG antibody levels showed a significant increase following vaccination, with a 300-fold rise after the second dose and a 2200-fold increase post-booster, indicating a strong humoral response. CD19(+) B cells also increased significantly, supporting B cell-mediated activation. Although overall T cell frequencies remained stable, we observed a shift toward memory phenotypes, with decreased naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and increased central and peripheral memory subsets after the booster. Notably, CD8(+) TEMRA cells expanded significantly, suggesting cytotoxic memory formation. Correlation analyses linked peripheral memory CD4(+) T cells with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, while CD8(+) TEMRA cells showed an inverse association. Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell response was evaluated using APC-labeled MHC I Dextramer reagents. After the booster, 55.5% of patients developed detectable antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, whereas 44.5% did not. Importantly, one patient who failed to develop antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells experienced a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the absence of this response may increase susceptibility despite high IgG levels. These findings indicate that antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and antibody levels may act as complementary but not directly correlated arms of immunity. Microbiota profiling via sPLS-DA suggested weak but distinct microbial signatures associated with immune responsiveness, particularly enrichment of taxa such as Alistipes and Romoutsia among high-antibody responders. These findings emphasize that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is immunogenic and well tolerated in breast cancer patients under therapy and highlight the need to further explore microbiota-immune interactions to optimize vaccination strategies in oncology. |
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