Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3

Context. Feedback from massive stars plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of young star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and in shaping their interstellar medium (ISM). This feedback contributes to the removal and mixing of metals via galactic outflows and to the clearance of neutral gas, which faci...

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Autores: Llerena, M., Amorín, R., Pentericci, L., Calabrò, A., Shapley, A. E., Boutsia, Konstantina, Pérez Montero, Enrique, Vílchez Medina, José Manuel, Nakajima, K.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/335886
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/335886
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: abundances
Galaxies: high-redshift
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
title Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
spellingShingle Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
Llerena, M.
Galaxies: abundances
Galaxies: high-redshift
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
title_short Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
title_full Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
title_fullStr Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
title_full_unstemmed Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
title_sort Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Llerena, M.
Amorín, R.
Pentericci, L.
Calabrò, A.
Shapley, A. E.
Boutsia, Konstantina
Pérez Montero, Enrique
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Nakajima, K.
author Llerena, M.
author_facet Llerena, M.
Amorín, R.
Pentericci, L.
Calabrò, A.
Shapley, A. E.
Boutsia, Konstantina
Pérez Montero, Enrique
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Nakajima, K.
author_role author
author2 Amorín, R.
Pentericci, L.
Calabrò, A.
Shapley, A. E.
Boutsia, Konstantina
Pérez Montero, Enrique
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Nakajima, K.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: abundances
Galaxies: high-redshift
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
topic Galaxies: abundances
Galaxies: high-redshift
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
description Context. Feedback from massive stars plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of young star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and in shaping their interstellar medium (ISM). This feedback contributes to the removal and mixing of metals via galactic outflows and to the clearance of neutral gas, which facilitates the escape of ionizing photons. Aims. Our goal is to study the impact of stellar feedback on the chemical abundances of the ISM in a sample of SFGs with strong emission lines at z ∼ 3. Methods. We selected 35 low-mass SFGs (7.9 < log(M⋆/M⊙) < 10.3) from deep spectroscopic surveys based on their CIII]λ1908 emission. We used new follow-up near-infrared (NIR) observations to examine their rest-optical emission lines and to identify ionized outflow signatures through broad emission line wings detected after Gaussian modeling of [OIII]λλ4959,5007 profiles. We characterized the gas-phase metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) abundance of the galaxies using a Te-based method via the OIII]λ1666/[OIII]λ5007 ratio and photoionization models. Results. We find line ratios and rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs) characteristic of high-ionization conditions powered by massive stars. Our sample displays a mean rest-frame EW([OIII]λ5007) of ∼560 Å, while about 15% of the SFGs show EW([OIII]λλ4959,5007)  >  1000 Å and EW(CIII])  >  5 Å, closely resembling those now seen in epoch of reionization (EoR) galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope. We find high Te values, which imply low gas-phase metallicities 12+log(O/H) ∼ 7.5–8.5 (mean of 17% solar) and C/O abundances from 23% to 128% solar, with no apparent increasing trend with metallicity. Our sample follows the mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 3, with some galaxies showing lower gas-phase metallicities. This results in significant deviations from the fundamental metallicity relation. From our [OIII]λλ4959,5007 line profile modeling, we find that 65% of our sample shows an outflow component, which is found both blue- or redshifted relative to the ionized gas systemic velocity, and the mean maximum velocities are vmax ∼ 280 km s−1. We find a weak correlation between vmax and the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) of vmax = (2.41 ± 0.03) × ΣSFR(0.06 ± 0.03). Moreover, we find that the mass-loading factor μ of our galaxy sample is typically lower than in more massive galaxies from the literature, but it is higher than in typical local dwarf galaxies. In the stellar mass range covered by our sample, we find that μ increases with ΣSFR. This suggests that for a given stellar mass, denser starbursts in low-mass galaxies produce stronger outflows. Our results complement the picture drawn by similar studies at lower redshift, suggesting that the removal of ionized gas in low-mass SFGs driven by stellar feedback is regulated by their stellar mass and by the strength and concentration of their star formation, that is, ΣSFR. © The Authors 2023.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/335886
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/335886
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346232

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Ionized gas kinematics and chemical abundances of low-mass star-forming galaxies at z  ∼  3Llerena, M.Amorín, R.Pentericci, L.Calabrò, A.Shapley, A. E.Boutsia, KonstantinaPérez Montero, EnriqueVílchez Medina, José ManuelNakajima, K.Galaxies: abundancesGalaxies: high-redshiftGalaxies: evolutionGalaxies: formationGalaxies: kinematics and dynamicsContext. Feedback from massive stars plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of young star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and in shaping their interstellar medium (ISM). This feedback contributes to the removal and mixing of metals via galactic outflows and to the clearance of neutral gas, which facilitates the escape of ionizing photons. Aims. Our goal is to study the impact of stellar feedback on the chemical abundances of the ISM in a sample of SFGs with strong emission lines at z ∼ 3. Methods. We selected 35 low-mass SFGs (7.9 < log(M⋆/M⊙) < 10.3) from deep spectroscopic surveys based on their CIII]λ1908 emission. We used new follow-up near-infrared (NIR) observations to examine their rest-optical emission lines and to identify ionized outflow signatures through broad emission line wings detected after Gaussian modeling of [OIII]λλ4959,5007 profiles. We characterized the gas-phase metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) abundance of the galaxies using a Te-based method via the OIII]λ1666/[OIII]λ5007 ratio and photoionization models. Results. We find line ratios and rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs) characteristic of high-ionization conditions powered by massive stars. Our sample displays a mean rest-frame EW([OIII]λ5007) of ∼560 Å, while about 15% of the SFGs show EW([OIII]λλ4959,5007)  >  1000 Å and EW(CIII])  >  5 Å, closely resembling those now seen in epoch of reionization (EoR) galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope. We find high Te values, which imply low gas-phase metallicities 12+log(O/H) ∼ 7.5–8.5 (mean of 17% solar) and C/O abundances from 23% to 128% solar, with no apparent increasing trend with metallicity. Our sample follows the mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 3, with some galaxies showing lower gas-phase metallicities. This results in significant deviations from the fundamental metallicity relation. From our [OIII]λλ4959,5007 line profile modeling, we find that 65% of our sample shows an outflow component, which is found both blue- or redshifted relative to the ionized gas systemic velocity, and the mean maximum velocities are vmax ∼ 280 km s−1. We find a weak correlation between vmax and the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) of vmax = (2.41 ± 0.03) × ΣSFR(0.06 ± 0.03). Moreover, we find that the mass-loading factor μ of our galaxy sample is typically lower than in more massive galaxies from the literature, but it is higher than in typical local dwarf galaxies. In the stellar mass range covered by our sample, we find that μ increases with ΣSFR. This suggests that for a given stellar mass, denser starbursts in low-mass galaxies produce stronger outflows. Our results complement the picture drawn by similar studies at lower redshift, suggesting that the removal of ionized gas in low-mass SFGs driven by stellar feedback is regulated by their stellar mass and by the strength and concentration of their star formation, that is, ΣSFR. © The Authors 2023.This work is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO program ID 194.A-2003 (PIs: Laura Pentericci and Ross McLure). This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 meter Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. M.Ll. acknowledges support from the National Agency for Research and Development ANID/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Nacional/2019-21191036. R.A. acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular Grant 1202007.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/335886reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346232Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3358862026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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