Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change

Air pollution induces the development of black crusts on the surface of built heritage materials. Black layers on the limestone used on an emblematic Madrilenian building dating from the early twentieth century, mainly built up in the 20 years lapsing between two façade cleaning operations, was stud...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes, Varas Muriel, María Josefa, Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica, Fort González, Rafael
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2016
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/23510
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/23510
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:552.08
Particulate matter
Decay
Soiling
Dust
Air pollution
Cleaning
Monitoring
Conservation strategies
Built heritage
Petrología
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spelling Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental ChangePérez-Monserrat, Elena MercedesVaras Muriel, María JosefaÁlvarez de Buergo, MónicaFort González, Rafael552.08Particulate matterDecaySoilingDustAir pollutionCleaningMonitoringConservation strategiesBuilt heritagePetrologíaAir pollution induces the development of black crusts on the surface of built heritage materials. Black layers on the limestone used on an emblematic Madrilenian building dating from the early twentieth century, mainly built up in the 20 years lapsing between two façade cleaning operations, was studied with POM and SEM-EDS. Particulate matter deposited on surfaces in the same period was analyzed with XRD and IC. Climate change in the environs was also studied and façade coloring patterns were compared. Since black crust and settled dust composition, as well as façade soling intensity, were found to be closely related to the surrounding environment, both are proposed as environment and climate change markers. These are considerations, moreover, that must be addressed when designing conservation strategies. Domestic heating systems and vehicle traffic were identified as the two main sources of pollution throughout the period studied in the target area, where the temperature steadily rose and relative humidity declined. The progressive replacement of coal with gas oil in domestic heating boilers and the proliferation of vehicles with diesel engines have mostly determined the evolution of the pollutants emitted. The color of façade soiling, in turn, has been primarily conditioned by the typology of the particles deposited on the limestone surface, declining humidity and the passage of time.MDPIUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20162016-01-0120162016-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/23510reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/235102026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
title Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
spellingShingle Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes
552.08
Particulate matter
Decay
Soiling
Dust
Air pollution
Cleaning
Monitoring
Conservation strategies
Built heritage
Petrología
title_short Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
title_full Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
title_fullStr Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
title_full_unstemmed Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
title_sort Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes
Varas Muriel, María Josefa
Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica
Fort González, Rafael
author Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes
author_facet Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes
Varas Muriel, María Josefa
Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica
Fort González, Rafael
author_role author
author2 Varas Muriel, María Josefa
Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica
Fort González, Rafael
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 552.08
Particulate matter
Decay
Soiling
Dust
Air pollution
Cleaning
Monitoring
Conservation strategies
Built heritage
Petrología
topic 552.08
Particulate matter
Decay
Soiling
Dust
Air pollution
Cleaning
Monitoring
Conservation strategies
Built heritage
Petrología
description Air pollution induces the development of black crusts on the surface of built heritage materials. Black layers on the limestone used on an emblematic Madrilenian building dating from the early twentieth century, mainly built up in the 20 years lapsing between two façade cleaning operations, was studied with POM and SEM-EDS. Particulate matter deposited on surfaces in the same period was analyzed with XRD and IC. Climate change in the environs was also studied and façade coloring patterns were compared. Since black crust and settled dust composition, as well as façade soling intensity, were found to be closely related to the surrounding environment, both are proposed as environment and climate change markers. These are considerations, moreover, that must be addressed when designing conservation strategies. Domestic heating systems and vehicle traffic were identified as the two main sources of pollution throughout the period studied in the target area, where the temperature steadily rose and relative humidity declined. The progressive replacement of coal with gas oil in domestic heating boilers and the proliferation of vehicles with diesel engines have mostly determined the evolution of the pollutants emitted. The color of façade soiling, in turn, has been primarily conditioned by the typology of the particles deposited on the limestone surface, declining humidity and the passage of time.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
2016-01-01
2016
2016-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/23510
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/23510
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300724

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