Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode

Contaminants in water resources are known to cause serious environmental and health issues. Despite using different methods to eliminate such chemicals, emerging contaminants are usually persistent, especially in conventional water treatment technologies. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a straightforward...

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Autores: Yáñez-Ángeles, M.J., Sirés Sadornil, Ignacio, Bacame-Valenzuela, F.J., Reyes-Vidal, Y., Bustos, E.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI)
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/224208
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/224208
Access Level:acceso embargado
Palabra clave:Aigua oxigenada
Depuració d'aigües residuals
Medicaments
Hydrogen peroxide
Purification of sewage
Drugs
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spelling Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathodeYáñez-Ángeles, M.J.Sirés Sadornil, IgnacioBacame-Valenzuela, F.J.Reyes-Vidal, Y.Bustos, E.Aigua oxigenadaDepuració d'aigües residualsMedicamentsHydrogen peroxidePurification of sewageDrugsContaminants in water resources are known to cause serious environmental and health issues. Despite using different methods to eliminate such chemicals, emerging contaminants are usually persistent, especially in conventional water treatment technologies. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a straightforward technique that has been proven effective for degrading pharmaceuticals in water. In this work, the performance of EO has been investigated using an IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti anode containing 18.79 % Ti, 58.09 % O, 7.06 % Ir, and 2.36 % Ta, with a roughness of 252.6 μm, a surface area of 0.0667 cm2, and a roughness factor of 0.07575, in different setups by combining it with either a titanium mesh or carbon paper (CP) as a cathode, with or without a constant air flow rate. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and active chlorine was monitored to evaluate the performance of each setup in two different media (0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4). The EO process was conducted at a cell potential of 2.5 V for 120 min, and the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) and ketorolac (KET) was assessed by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography coupled to UV–Vis Spectrometry (UPLC-UV/Vis). In this sense, using the IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti||CP system, 10 mg l-1 AMX showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 6 min in 0.1 M NaCl and after 30 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4. In comparison, 10 mg l-1 KET showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 5 min in 0.1 M NaCl and 82.5 % after 120 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4, with a corresponding decrease in toxicity within <10 min. The mineralization of AMX and KET solutions was determined using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Our results showed that higher H2O2 and •OH radicals were produced in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 medium. Moreover, in aerated systems, the 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at CP contributed to the faster degradation of the drugs. The chlorine production accelerated the disappearance of both drugs in the NaCl medium. Finally, reaction routes for the AMX degradation in Na2SO4 and KET degradation in NaCl are proposed, considering the interfacial oxidants generated (H2O2, •OH, Cl2/HClO) and the corresponding by-products identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The decrease in toxicity was observed within <10 min.Elsevier Ltd.2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/224208Articles publicats en revistes (Ciència dels Materials i Química Física)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI)InglésVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147561Electrochimica Acta, 2025, vol. 543, p. 1-10https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147561cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier Ltd., 2025http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/2242082026-05-27T06:46:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
title Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
spellingShingle Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
Yáñez-Ángeles, M.J.
Aigua oxigenada
Depuració d'aigües residuals
Medicaments
Hydrogen peroxide
Purification of sewage
Drugs
title_short Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
title_full Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
title_fullStr Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
title_full_unstemmed Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
title_sort Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Yáñez-Ángeles, M.J.
Sirés Sadornil, Ignacio
Bacame-Valenzuela, F.J.
Reyes-Vidal, Y.
Bustos, E.
author Yáñez-Ángeles, M.J.
author_facet Yáñez-Ángeles, M.J.
Sirés Sadornil, Ignacio
Bacame-Valenzuela, F.J.
Reyes-Vidal, Y.
Bustos, E.
author_role author
author2 Sirés Sadornil, Ignacio
Bacame-Valenzuela, F.J.
Reyes-Vidal, Y.
Bustos, E.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Aigua oxigenada
Depuració d'aigües residuals
Medicaments
Hydrogen peroxide
Purification of sewage
Drugs
topic Aigua oxigenada
Depuració d'aigües residuals
Medicaments
Hydrogen peroxide
Purification of sewage
Drugs
description Contaminants in water resources are known to cause serious environmental and health issues. Despite using different methods to eliminate such chemicals, emerging contaminants are usually persistent, especially in conventional water treatment technologies. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a straightforward technique that has been proven effective for degrading pharmaceuticals in water. In this work, the performance of EO has been investigated using an IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti anode containing 18.79 % Ti, 58.09 % O, 7.06 % Ir, and 2.36 % Ta, with a roughness of 252.6 μm, a surface area of 0.0667 cm2, and a roughness factor of 0.07575, in different setups by combining it with either a titanium mesh or carbon paper (CP) as a cathode, with or without a constant air flow rate. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and active chlorine was monitored to evaluate the performance of each setup in two different media (0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4). The EO process was conducted at a cell potential of 2.5 V for 120 min, and the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) and ketorolac (KET) was assessed by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography coupled to UV–Vis Spectrometry (UPLC-UV/Vis). In this sense, using the IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti||CP system, 10 mg l-1 AMX showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 6 min in 0.1 M NaCl and after 30 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4. In comparison, 10 mg l-1 KET showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 5 min in 0.1 M NaCl and 82.5 % after 120 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4, with a corresponding decrease in toxicity within <10 min. The mineralization of AMX and KET solutions was determined using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Our results showed that higher H2O2 and •OH radicals were produced in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 medium. Moreover, in aerated systems, the 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at CP contributed to the faster degradation of the drugs. The chlorine production accelerated the disappearance of both drugs in the NaCl medium. Finally, reaction routes for the AMX degradation in Na2SO4 and KET degradation in NaCl are proposed, considering the interfacial oxidants generated (H2O2, •OH, Cl2/HClO) and the corresponding by-products identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The decrease in toxicity was observed within <10 min.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/224208
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/224208
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147561
Electrochimica Acta, 2025, vol. 543, p. 1-10
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147561
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier Ltd., 2025
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier Ltd., 2025
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv embargoedAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Ltd.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Ltd.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Ciència dels Materials i Química Física)
reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
instname:Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI)
instname_str Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI)
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de la UB
collection Dipòsit Digital de la UB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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