Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides

The concept that many neurologic and psychiatric disorders of unknown cause are immune-mediated has evolved fast during the past 20 years. The main contribution to the expansion of this field has been the discovery of antibodies that attack neuronal or glial cell-surface proteins or receptors, direc...

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Authors: Guasp Verdaguer, Mar, Dalmau Obrador, Josep
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repository:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/218619
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/218619
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Encefalitis
Malalties autoimmunitàries
Encephalitis
Autoimmune diseases
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spelling Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitidesGuasp Verdaguer, MarDalmau Obrador, JosepEncefalitisMalalties autoimmunitàriesEncephalitisAutoimmune diseasesThe concept that many neurologic and psychiatric disorders of unknown cause are immune-mediated has evolved fast during the past 20 years. The main contribution to the expansion of this field has been the discovery of antibodies that attack neuronal or glial cell-surface proteins or receptors, directly modifying their structure and function. These antibodies facilitate the diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients who often improve with immunotherapy. The identification of this group of diseases, collectively named "auto- immune encephalitides", was preceded by many years of investigations on other auto- immune CNS disorders in which the antibodies are against intracellular proteins, occur more frequently with cancer, and associate with cytotoxic T-cell responses that are less responsive to immunotherapy. Here, we first trace the recent history of the autoimmune encephalitides and address how to assess the clinical value and implement in our practice the rapid pace of autoantibody discovery. In addition, we review recent developments in the post-acute stage of the two main autoimmune encephalitides (NMDAR and LGI1) focusing on symptoms that are frequently overlooked or missed, and therefore undertreated. Because a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases relies on animal models, we examine currently available studies, recognizing the existing needs for better and all-inclusive neuro-immunobiological models. Finally, we assess the status of biomarkers of disease outcome, clinical scales, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapies including CAR T-cell technology. Altogether, this overview is intended to identify gaps of knowledge and provide suggestions for improvement and insights for future research. (c) 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Elsevier Masson SAS2025202520242025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion41 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/218619Articles publicats en revistes (IDIBAPS: Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2024.08.003Revue Neurologique, 2024, vol. 180, num. 9, pp. 862-875https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2024.08.003(c) Elsevier Masson SAS, 2024info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/2186192026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
title Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
spellingShingle Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
Guasp Verdaguer, Mar
Encefalitis
Malalties autoimmunitàries
Encephalitis
Autoimmune diseases
title_short Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
title_full Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
title_fullStr Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
title_full_unstemmed Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
title_sort Predicting the future of autoimmune encephalitides
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Guasp Verdaguer, Mar
Dalmau Obrador, Josep
author Guasp Verdaguer, Mar
author_facet Guasp Verdaguer, Mar
Dalmau Obrador, Josep
author_role author
author2 Dalmau Obrador, Josep
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Encefalitis
Malalties autoimmunitàries
Encephalitis
Autoimmune diseases
topic Encefalitis
Malalties autoimmunitàries
Encephalitis
Autoimmune diseases
description The concept that many neurologic and psychiatric disorders of unknown cause are immune-mediated has evolved fast during the past 20 years. The main contribution to the expansion of this field has been the discovery of antibodies that attack neuronal or glial cell-surface proteins or receptors, directly modifying their structure and function. These antibodies facilitate the diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients who often improve with immunotherapy. The identification of this group of diseases, collectively named "auto- immune encephalitides", was preceded by many years of investigations on other auto- immune CNS disorders in which the antibodies are against intracellular proteins, occur more frequently with cancer, and associate with cytotoxic T-cell responses that are less responsive to immunotherapy. Here, we first trace the recent history of the autoimmune encephalitides and address how to assess the clinical value and implement in our practice the rapid pace of autoantibody discovery. In addition, we review recent developments in the post-acute stage of the two main autoimmune encephalitides (NMDAR and LGI1) focusing on symptoms that are frequently overlooked or missed, and therefore undertreated. Because a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases relies on animal models, we examine currently available studies, recognizing the existing needs for better and all-inclusive neuro-immunobiological models. Finally, we assess the status of biomarkers of disease outcome, clinical scales, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapies including CAR T-cell technology. Altogether, this overview is intended to identify gaps of knowledge and provide suggestions for improvement and insights for future research. (c) 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/218619
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/218619
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2024.08.003
Revue Neurologique, 2024, vol. 180, num. 9, pp. 862-875
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2024.08.003
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv (c) Elsevier Masson SAS, 2024
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv (c) Elsevier Masson SAS, 2024
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 41 p.
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Masson SAS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Masson SAS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (IDIBAPS: Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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