X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations

We present deep XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera observations of the Wolf-Rayet (WR) bubble NGC 6888 around the star WR 136. The complete X-ray mapping of the nebula confirms the distribution of the hot gas in three maxima spatially associated with the caps and north-west blowout hinted at...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Toalá, Jesús A., Guerrero, Martín A., Chu, Y. -H., Arthur, S. J., Tafoya, D., Gruendl, R. A.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2016
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/377145
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/377145
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Stars: Wolf-Rayet
ISM: bubbles
ISM: individual objects: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual (WR 136)
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spelling X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observationsToalá, Jesús A.Guerrero, Martín A.Chu, Y. -H.Arthur, S. J.Tafoya, D.Gruendl, R. A.Stars: Wolf-RayetISM: bubblesISM: individual objects: (NGC 6888)X-rays: individual: (NGC 6888)X-rays: individual (WR 136)We present deep XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera observations of the Wolf-Rayet (WR) bubble NGC 6888 around the star WR 136. The complete X-ray mapping of the nebula confirms the distribution of the hot gas in three maxima spatially associated with the caps and north-west blowout hinted at by previous Chandra observations. The global X-ray emission is well described by a two-temperature optically thin plasma model (T = 1.4 × 10 K, T = 8.2 × 10 K) with a luminosity of L = 7.8 × 10 erg s in the 0.3-1.5 keV energy range. The rms electron density of the X-ray-emitting gas is estimated to be n = 0.4 cm. The high-quality observations presented here reveal spectral variations within different regions in NGC 6888, which allowed us for the first time to detect temperature and/or nitrogen abundance inhomogeneities in the hot gas inside a WR nebula. One possible explanation for such spectral variations is that the mixing of material from the outer nebula into the hot bubble is less efficient around the caps than in other nebular regions. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.This work was based on observations obtained with XMM–Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. MAG and JAT are supported by the Spanish MICINN (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) grants AYA 2011-29754-C03-02 and AYA 2014-57280-P. SJA and JAT acknowledge financial support through PAPIIT project IN101713 from DGAPA-UNAM (Mexico).Oxford University PressMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2025202520162025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/377145reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA 2011-29754-C03-02info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2014-57280-Phttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2819Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3771452026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
title X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
spellingShingle X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
Toalá, Jesús A.
Stars: Wolf-Rayet
ISM: bubbles
ISM: individual objects: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual (WR 136)
title_short X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
title_full X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
title_fullStr X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
title_full_unstemmed X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
title_sort X-ray emission from the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 6888 - II. XMM-Newton EPIC observations
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Toalá, Jesús A.
Guerrero, Martín A.
Chu, Y. -H.
Arthur, S. J.
Tafoya, D.
Gruendl, R. A.
author Toalá, Jesús A.
author_facet Toalá, Jesús A.
Guerrero, Martín A.
Chu, Y. -H.
Arthur, S. J.
Tafoya, D.
Gruendl, R. A.
author_role author
author2 Guerrero, Martín A.
Chu, Y. -H.
Arthur, S. J.
Tafoya, D.
Gruendl, R. A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Stars: Wolf-Rayet
ISM: bubbles
ISM: individual objects: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual (WR 136)
topic Stars: Wolf-Rayet
ISM: bubbles
ISM: individual objects: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual: (NGC 6888)
X-rays: individual (WR 136)
description We present deep XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera observations of the Wolf-Rayet (WR) bubble NGC 6888 around the star WR 136. The complete X-ray mapping of the nebula confirms the distribution of the hot gas in three maxima spatially associated with the caps and north-west blowout hinted at by previous Chandra observations. The global X-ray emission is well described by a two-temperature optically thin plasma model (T = 1.4 × 10 K, T = 8.2 × 10 K) with a luminosity of L = 7.8 × 10 erg s in the 0.3-1.5 keV energy range. The rms electron density of the X-ray-emitting gas is estimated to be n = 0.4 cm. The high-quality observations presented here reveal spectral variations within different regions in NGC 6888, which allowed us for the first time to detect temperature and/or nitrogen abundance inhomogeneities in the hot gas inside a WR nebula. One possible explanation for such spectral variations is that the mixing of material from the outer nebula into the hot bubble is less efficient around the caps than in other nebular regions. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/377145
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/377145
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA 2011-29754-C03-02
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2014-57280-P
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2819
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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