Securing the emperor, securitising the guns

This article analyses the reasons behind the delayed appropriation and adoption of Ottoman harquebuses by the Ming army. Although these weapons had reached the empire by the mid-16th century, their existence was only acknowledged at the end of the century. Through the lens of securitisation, I will...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Noordam, Barend|||0000-0003-3843-0279
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:274388
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/274388
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.5871/jba/009s4.112
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Cross-cultural negotiation
Military technology transfer
Diplomacy
Ottoman empire
Portugal
Dutch East India Company
Ming and Qing China
Gift giving
Imjin War (1592-8)
Muskets
Harquebuses
Descripción
Sumario:This article analyses the reasons behind the delayed appropriation and adoption of Ottoman harquebuses by the Ming army. Although these weapons had reached the empire by the mid-16th century, their existence was only acknowledged at the end of the century. Through the lens of securitisation, I will argue that this delay was a result of the context of Luso-Ottoman geopolitical rivalries in which these weapons were possibly leveraged as an incentive to form a Sino-Ottoman alliance against the Portuguese. I will argue that a civil bureaucracy averse to assertive activist rulership could have prevented the emperor from participating in the resulting military diplomacy. By comparing this event with a later Dutch East India Company embassy with similar geopolitical intentions, I will argue that the Ming civil officials achieved their goal by controlling the emperor's perception of Ottoman intentions. In terms of securitisation, this meant that the emperor himself was the main audience and his officials the securitising agents in matters of foreign relations.