Gender inequalities in health

Background: Women experience poorer health than men despite their longer life expectancy, due to a higher prevalence of non-fatal chronic illnesses. This paper aims to explore whether the unequal gender distribution of roles and resources can account for inequalities in general self-rated health (SR...

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Autores: Malmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581, Vives, Alejandra|||0000-0001-5851-0693, Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742X, Borrell i Thió, Carme|||0000-0002-1170-2505
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2014
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:302463
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302463
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23189
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Gender
Health inequalities
Intersectionality
Material resources
Self-rated health
Social
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spelling Gender inequalities in healthExploring the contribution of living conditions in the intersection of social classMalmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581Vives, Alejandra|||0000-0001-5851-0693Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742XBorrell i Thió, Carme|||0000-0002-1170-2505GenderHealth inequalitiesIntersectionalityMaterial resourcesSelf-rated healthSocialBackground: Women experience poorer health than men despite their longer life expectancy, due to a higher prevalence of non-fatal chronic illnesses. This paper aims to explore whether the unequal gender distribution of roles and resources can account for inequalities in general self-rated health (SRH) by gender, across social classes, in a Southern European population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of residents in Catalonia aged 25-64, using data from the 2006 population living conditions survey (n = 5,817). Poisson regression models were used to calculate the fair/poor SRH prevalence ratio (PR) by gender and to estimate the contribution of variables assessing several dimensions of living conditions as the reduction in the PR after their inclusion in the model. Analyses were stratified by social class (non-manual and manual). Results: SRH was poorer for women among both non-manual (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76) and manual social classes (PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.56). Adjustment for individual income alone eliminated the association between sex and SRH, especially among manual classes (PR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.19; among nonmanual 1.19, 0.92-1.54). The association was also reduced when adjusting by employment conditions among manual classes, and household material and economic situation, time in household chores and residential environment among non-manual classes. Discussion: Gender inequalities in individual income appear to contribute largely to women's poorer health. Individual income may indicate the availability of economic resources, but also the history of access to the labour market and potentially the degree of independence and power within the household. Policies to facilitate women's labour market participation, to close the gender pay gap, or to raise non-contributory pensions may be helpful to improve women's health. © 2014 Davide Malmusi et al.Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 22014-01-0120142014-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/302463https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23189reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:3024632026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gender inequalities in health
Exploring the contribution of living conditions in the intersection of social class
title Gender inequalities in health
spellingShingle Gender inequalities in health
Malmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581
Gender
Health inequalities
Intersectionality
Material resources
Self-rated health
Social
title_short Gender inequalities in health
title_full Gender inequalities in health
title_fullStr Gender inequalities in health
title_full_unstemmed Gender inequalities in health
title_sort Gender inequalities in health
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Malmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581
Vives, Alejandra|||0000-0001-5851-0693
Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742X
Borrell i Thió, Carme|||0000-0002-1170-2505
author Malmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581
author_facet Malmusi, Davide|||0000-0003-1877-3581
Vives, Alejandra|||0000-0001-5851-0693
Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742X
Borrell i Thió, Carme|||0000-0002-1170-2505
author_role author
author2 Vives, Alejandra|||0000-0001-5851-0693
Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742X
Borrell i Thió, Carme|||0000-0002-1170-2505
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Gender
Health inequalities
Intersectionality
Material resources
Self-rated health
Social
topic Gender
Health inequalities
Intersectionality
Material resources
Self-rated health
Social
description Background: Women experience poorer health than men despite their longer life expectancy, due to a higher prevalence of non-fatal chronic illnesses. This paper aims to explore whether the unequal gender distribution of roles and resources can account for inequalities in general self-rated health (SRH) by gender, across social classes, in a Southern European population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of residents in Catalonia aged 25-64, using data from the 2006 population living conditions survey (n = 5,817). Poisson regression models were used to calculate the fair/poor SRH prevalence ratio (PR) by gender and to estimate the contribution of variables assessing several dimensions of living conditions as the reduction in the PR after their inclusion in the model. Analyses were stratified by social class (non-manual and manual). Results: SRH was poorer for women among both non-manual (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76) and manual social classes (PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.56). Adjustment for individual income alone eliminated the association between sex and SRH, especially among manual classes (PR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.19; among nonmanual 1.19, 0.92-1.54). The association was also reduced when adjusting by employment conditions among manual classes, and household material and economic situation, time in household chores and residential environment among non-manual classes. Discussion: Gender inequalities in individual income appear to contribute largely to women's poorer health. Individual income may indicate the availability of economic resources, but also the history of access to the labour market and potentially the degree of independence and power within the household. Policies to facilitate women's labour market participation, to close the gender pay gap, or to raise non-contributory pensions may be helpful to improve women's health. © 2014 Davide Malmusi et al.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2014-01-01
2014
2014-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302463
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23189
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302463
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23189
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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