Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines' effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)...

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Autores: Antolí, Arnau, Rocamora Blanch, Gemma, Framil, Mario, Mas Bosch, Virgínia, Navarro, Sergio, Bermudez, Carla, Martinez Yelamos, Sergio, Dopico Ponte, Eva M., Calatayud, Laura, Garcia Muñoz, Nadia, Hernández Benítez, Luis Humberto, Riera Mestre, Antoni, Bas, Jordi, Masuet Aumatell, Cristina, Rigo Bonnin, Raúl, Morandeira, Francisco, Solanich, Xavier
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/186234
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/186234
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Vacunació
Malalties immunitàries
Vaccination
Immunologic diseases
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spelling Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion TherapyAntolí, ArnauRocamora Blanch, GemmaFramil, MarioMas Bosch, VirgíniaNavarro, SergioBermudez, CarlaMartinez Yelamos, SergioDopico Ponte, Eva M.Calatayud, LauraGarcia Muñoz, NadiaHernández Benítez, Luis HumbertoRiera Mestre, AntoniBas, JordiMasuet Aumatell, CristinaRigo Bonnin, RaúlMorandeira, FranciscoSolanich, XavierCOVID-19VacunacióMalalties immunitàriesCOVID-19VaccinationImmunologic diseasesIntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines' effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype and in patients treated with B-cell depletion therapies (BCDT), as well as the safety of these vaccines. MethodsFrom March to September 2021, we performed a prospective study of all adult patients who would receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and were previously diagnosed with (i) a CVID syndrome (CVID phenotype group; n=28) or (ii) multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with B-cell depleting therapies three to six months before vaccination (BCD group; n=24). Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; or prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration; or use of any immunosuppressant (except BCDT in MS group) were excluded. A group of subjects without any medical condition that confers immunosuppression and who met all study criteria was also assessed (control group; n=14). A chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to determine pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anti-S IgG antibodies. T-cell specific response was assessed by analysis of pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination blood samples with an interferon-gamma release assay. The baseline blood sample also included several biochemical, haematological and immunological analyses. ResultsSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe in immunocompromised patients, although their effectiveness was lower than in healthy individuals. CVID phenotype patients showed impaired humoral (29%) and cellular (29%) response, while BCD patients fundamentally presented humoral failure (54%). Low IgA values, low CD19+ peripheral B cells, low switched memory B cells, and a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio were predictors of inadequate specific antibody response in CVID phenotype patients. No factor was found to predict poor cellular response in CVID phenotype patients, nor a defective humoral or cellular response in BCD patients. ConclusionThe effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CVID phenotype and BCD patients is lower than in healthy individuals. Knowledge of predictive factors of humoral and cellular response failure in immunocompromised patients could be very useful in clinical practice, and thus, studies in this regard are clearly needed.Frontiers Media2022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/186234Articles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaInglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, vol. 13https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209cc by (c) Antolí, Arnau et al, 2022http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/1862342026-05-27T06:46:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
title Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
spellingShingle Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
Antolí, Arnau
COVID-19
Vacunació
Malalties immunitàries
COVID-19
Vaccination
Immunologic diseases
title_short Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
title_full Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
title_fullStr Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
title_sort Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Antolí, Arnau
Rocamora Blanch, Gemma
Framil, Mario
Mas Bosch, Virgínia
Navarro, Sergio
Bermudez, Carla
Martinez Yelamos, Sergio
Dopico Ponte, Eva M.
Calatayud, Laura
Garcia Muñoz, Nadia
Hernández Benítez, Luis Humberto
Riera Mestre, Antoni
Bas, Jordi
Masuet Aumatell, Cristina
Rigo Bonnin, Raúl
Morandeira, Francisco
Solanich, Xavier
author Antolí, Arnau
author_facet Antolí, Arnau
Rocamora Blanch, Gemma
Framil, Mario
Mas Bosch, Virgínia
Navarro, Sergio
Bermudez, Carla
Martinez Yelamos, Sergio
Dopico Ponte, Eva M.
Calatayud, Laura
Garcia Muñoz, Nadia
Hernández Benítez, Luis Humberto
Riera Mestre, Antoni
Bas, Jordi
Masuet Aumatell, Cristina
Rigo Bonnin, Raúl
Morandeira, Francisco
Solanich, Xavier
author_role author
author2 Rocamora Blanch, Gemma
Framil, Mario
Mas Bosch, Virgínia
Navarro, Sergio
Bermudez, Carla
Martinez Yelamos, Sergio
Dopico Ponte, Eva M.
Calatayud, Laura
Garcia Muñoz, Nadia
Hernández Benítez, Luis Humberto
Riera Mestre, Antoni
Bas, Jordi
Masuet Aumatell, Cristina
Rigo Bonnin, Raúl
Morandeira, Francisco
Solanich, Xavier
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Vacunació
Malalties immunitàries
COVID-19
Vaccination
Immunologic diseases
topic COVID-19
Vacunació
Malalties immunitàries
COVID-19
Vaccination
Immunologic diseases
description IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines' effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype and in patients treated with B-cell depletion therapies (BCDT), as well as the safety of these vaccines. MethodsFrom March to September 2021, we performed a prospective study of all adult patients who would receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and were previously diagnosed with (i) a CVID syndrome (CVID phenotype group; n=28) or (ii) multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with B-cell depleting therapies three to six months before vaccination (BCD group; n=24). Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; or prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration; or use of any immunosuppressant (except BCDT in MS group) were excluded. A group of subjects without any medical condition that confers immunosuppression and who met all study criteria was also assessed (control group; n=14). A chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to determine pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anti-S IgG antibodies. T-cell specific response was assessed by analysis of pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination blood samples with an interferon-gamma release assay. The baseline blood sample also included several biochemical, haematological and immunological analyses. ResultsSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe in immunocompromised patients, although their effectiveness was lower than in healthy individuals. CVID phenotype patients showed impaired humoral (29%) and cellular (29%) response, while BCD patients fundamentally presented humoral failure (54%). Low IgA values, low CD19+ peripheral B cells, low switched memory B cells, and a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio were predictors of inadequate specific antibody response in CVID phenotype patients. No factor was found to predict poor cellular response in CVID phenotype patients, nor a defective humoral or cellular response in BCD patients. ConclusionThe effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CVID phenotype and BCD patients is lower than in healthy individuals. Knowledge of predictive factors of humoral and cellular response failure in immunocompromised patients could be very useful in clinical practice, and thus, studies in this regard are clearly needed.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/186234
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/186234
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, vol. 13
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc by (c) Antolí, Arnau et al, 2022
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc by (c) Antolí, Arnau et al, 2022
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)
reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
instname:Universidad de Barcelona
instname_str Universidad de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de la UB
collection Dipòsit Digital de la UB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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