Effects of altitude on biceps brachii and erector spinae muscles oxygen saturation during basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a simulation study

Objective: To assess biceps brachii and erector spinae muscular oxygen saturation (SmO2) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during 10 minutes of resuscitation at simulated altitudes of 600, 3000 and 5000 m before and after carrying out a simulation program for adaptation to hypoxia. Performing an...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Piñero Sáez, Sonia, López González, Ángel, Guisado Requena, Isabel María, López Tendero, Jaime, Guerrero Agenjo, Carmen María, García Alcaraz, Francisco, Martínez González-Moro, Ignacio, Rabanales Sotos, Joseba Aingerun
Format: article
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repository:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/43975
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.18502/fem.v8i4.17080
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43975
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Basic Cardiac Life Support
Heart Massage
High Altitude
Hypoxia
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Description
Summary:Objective: To assess biceps brachii and erector spinae muscular oxygen saturation (SmO2) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during 10 minutes of resuscitation at simulated altitudes of 600, 3000 and 5000 m before and after carrying out a simulation program for adaptation to hypoxia. Performing and maintaining a goodquality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at higher altitudes may pose a significant challenge to resuscitators due to decrease in arterial oxygen saturation. This fact adversely effects the quality of resuscitation. Methods: Participants performed 10 minutes of CPR on a mannequin in the laboratory in environments thatsimulated altitudes. Subsequently, a standardized altitude conditioning protocol was carried out using intermittent hypoxia. The participants performed CPR again under the conditions and altitudes previously referredto. Results: Initial heart rate (HR) at 5000 > 3000 m, and both > 600 m. HR at each altitude was higher conditioningat the end of CPR. The SmO2 of both muscles showed no differences at the beginning and at the end of CPR andwas higher in both muscles after the conditioning program before and at the end of CPR. In both muscles, SmO2values before and after conditioning show a slightly increasing trend during CPR. Conclusion: NIRS use allows developing an optimum training plan. The rescuer will know his limits and optimize his performance. The improvement in physical performance and recovery capacity induced by intermittent hypoxia conditioning programs increases the quality of CPR in prolonged cardiac arrests and in adverse conditions, such as at high altitudes.