Análisis económico sobre la liberalización del transporte ferroviario español de alta velocidad
Rail transport has been a backbone of cities since the industrial revolution until today. Since its implementation, the construction of railway corridors in Spain has tended to anticipate demand, making it difficult to properly operate this mode of transport. This fact caused on several occasions th...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/342200 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/342200 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | High speed trains Railroads Sistema ferroviario liberalización Alta Velocidad ferroviaria transporte aéreo reparto modal demanda elasticidad rentabilidad Trens d'alta velocitat Ferrocarrils Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil |
| Sumario: | Rail transport has been a backbone of cities since the industrial revolution until today. Since its implementation, the construction of railway corridors in Spain has tended to anticipate demand, making it difficult to properly operate this mode of transport. This fact caused on several occasions the bankruptcy of private railway operators, which were absorbed by other companies, establishing an oligopoly.With the nationalizationof the network, Renfe suffered the same problems as its predecessors, and with a rolling stock and an outdated layout it could not cope with the new modes of transport that appeared to compete in the market. Aircraft and automobiles significantly reducedrail demand, forcing it to play a residual role if it did not improve its performance.With the arrival of high speed, the railway was able to re-capture a large part of the market share in medium-long-haul corridors thanks to its reduction in travel timeand high performance.Despite its improvement in market share, the profitability of the lines is questionable. The technical characteristics necessary to operate at high speed require tolerances, layouts and factory works that make its construction more expensive, which means that from an economic and social point of view, its operationis only profitable if construction costs are not taken into account.Knowing this and the fragmentation of transport in Europe, the European Union has applied various packages of regulations to create a unified transport market, liberalizing and allowing access to foreign operators. In case of air transport, it favouredthe creation of a single liberalized airspace. With this liberalization, generalisedprice reductions wereobtained thanks to the entry of low-cost operators, in addition to the opening of new routes. In the railwaycase, the vertical separation between infrastructure administration and operators was necessary, and in the countries where it has been applied, price reductions, increased demand and frequencies have been obtained due to competition.By applying a time-price model on the Madrid-Barcelona line, it has been obtained that the generalized cost of High Speed is less than the oneof the plane, and thatthe entry of new operators can capture considerable volumes of users, highly depending on the chosen elasticity.Regarding profitability, the net present value (NPV) has been applied to calculate profitability, considering only the acquisition costs of thetrains. |
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