Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets

Engineering all magnetic phases within a single material platform would mark a significant milestone in materials science, simplifying device fabrication by eliminating the need for the integration of different materials. Here, we demonstrate that graphene can host all nonrelativistic magnetic phase...

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Autores: Viña-Bausá, Beatriz, García Blázquez, Manuel Antonio, Chourasia, Simran, Carrasco, Roberto, Expósito, Diego, Brihuega Álvarez, Iván, Palacios Burgos, Juan José
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/730420
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10486/730420
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02091
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:altermagnetism
compensated ferrimagnetism
atomic manipulation
graphene spintronics
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Física
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spelling Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnetsViña-Bausá, BeatrizGarcía Blázquez, Manuel AntonioChourasia, SimranCarrasco, RobertoExpósito, DiegoBrihuega Álvarez, IvánPalacios Burgos, Juan Joséaltermagnetismcompensated ferrimagnetismatomic manipulationgraphene spintronicsscanning tunneling microscopy (STM)FísicaEngineering all magnetic phases within a single material platform would mark a significant milestone in materials science, simplifying device fabrication by eliminating the need for the integration of different materials. Here, we demonstrate that graphene can host all nonrelativistic magnetic phases_diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, altermagnetism, and fully compensated ferrimagnetism_using single H atoms as building blocks. Their magnetic character is confirmed by density functional theory and mean-field Hubbard calculations. Notably, altermagnetism can be realized, exhibiting directionally spin-split bands coexisting with zero net magnetization due to spatial symmetries. Furthermore, fully compensated ferrimagnets can be created, lacking these symmetries and presenting unrestricted spin-splitting, with vanishing net magnetization protected by Lieb’s theorem. We take this idea to the laboratory and, through the precise manipulation of H atoms by scanning tunneling microscopy, experimentally create isolated unit cells of all magnetic phases. These findings open the door to the bottom-up design of magnetic phases via symmetry selectionWe acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through projects (Grants PID2023149106NB-I00, TED2021-131323B-I00, and PID2022141712NB-C21), the María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (Grant CEX2023-001316-M), the Comunidad de Madrid and the Spanish State through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan [Materiales Disruptivos Bidimensionales (2D), (MAD2DCM)-UAM Materiales Avanzados], and the NMAT2D-CM program under Grant S2018/NMT-4511, the European Union through the Next Generation EU funds, the Generalitat Valenciana through the Program Prometeo (2021/017). M. A. GarcíaBlázquez acknowledges financial support from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid through a FPI-UAM grant. S.C. acknowledges financial support from grant PREP2022000250 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF+. B.V.-B. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades through the PhD scholarship FPU22/03675. The authors thankfully acknowledge Red Española de Supercomputación for the computational resources provided by Universidad de Málaga through Projects FI-2024-1-0038, FI-2024-2-0016, and FI-2024-3-0010ACSDepartamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaFacultad de CienciasComunidad de MadridGobierno de España20252025-07-17research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10486/730420https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02091reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAMinstname:Universidad Autónoma de MadridInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/7304202026-06-23T12:46:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
title Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
spellingShingle Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
Viña-Bausá, Beatriz
altermagnetism
compensated ferrimagnetism
atomic manipulation
graphene spintronics
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Física
title_short Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
title_full Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
title_fullStr Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
title_full_unstemmed Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
title_sort Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Viña-Bausá, Beatriz
García Blázquez, Manuel Antonio
Chourasia, Simran
Carrasco, Roberto
Expósito, Diego
Brihuega Álvarez, Iván
Palacios Burgos, Juan José
author Viña-Bausá, Beatriz
author_facet Viña-Bausá, Beatriz
García Blázquez, Manuel Antonio
Chourasia, Simran
Carrasco, Roberto
Expósito, Diego
Brihuega Álvarez, Iván
Palacios Burgos, Juan José
author_role author
author2 García Blázquez, Manuel Antonio
Chourasia, Simran
Carrasco, Roberto
Expósito, Diego
Brihuega Álvarez, Iván
Palacios Burgos, Juan José
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
Facultad de Ciencias
Comunidad de Madrid
Gobierno de España
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv altermagnetism
compensated ferrimagnetism
atomic manipulation
graphene spintronics
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Física
topic altermagnetism
compensated ferrimagnetism
atomic manipulation
graphene spintronics
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Física
description Engineering all magnetic phases within a single material platform would mark a significant milestone in materials science, simplifying device fabrication by eliminating the need for the integration of different materials. Here, we demonstrate that graphene can host all nonrelativistic magnetic phases_diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, altermagnetism, and fully compensated ferrimagnetism_using single H atoms as building blocks. Their magnetic character is confirmed by density functional theory and mean-field Hubbard calculations. Notably, altermagnetism can be realized, exhibiting directionally spin-split bands coexisting with zero net magnetization due to spatial symmetries. Furthermore, fully compensated ferrimagnets can be created, lacking these symmetries and presenting unrestricted spin-splitting, with vanishing net magnetization protected by Lieb’s theorem. We take this idea to the laboratory and, through the precise manipulation of H atoms by scanning tunneling microscopy, experimentally create isolated unit cells of all magnetic phases. These findings open the door to the bottom-up design of magnetic phases via symmetry selection
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-07-17
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10486/730420
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02091
url https://hdl.handle.net/10486/730420
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02091
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
instname_str Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
reponame_str Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
collection Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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