Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants

Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of...

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Authors: Casas Papell, Gemma, Martínez Varela, Alicia, Vila-Costa, Maria, Jimenez, Begoña, Dachs Marginet, Jordi
Format: article
Publication Date:2021
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repository:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/381343
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381343
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Air--Pollution
Organic water pollutants
Persistent pollutants
Wet deposition
Snow
Scavenging
Amplification
Antarctica
PFASs
OPEs
PAHs
PCBs
PBDEs
Aire--Contaminació
Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua
Contaminants persistents
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental
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oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/381343
network_acronym_str ES
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repository_id_str
spelling Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutantsCasas Papell, GemmaMartínez Varela, AliciaVila-Costa, MariaJimenez, BegoñaDachs Marginet, JordiAir--PollutionOrganic water pollutantsPersistent pollutantsWet depositionSnowScavengingAmplificationAntarcticaPFASsOPEsPAHsPCBsPBDEsAire--ContaminacióContaminants orgànics de l'aiguaContaminants persistentsÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambientalScavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain–aerosol (KRP) and rain–gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas–water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions.20212021-09-2320232023-01-27journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/381343https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3813432026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
title Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
spellingShingle Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
Casas Papell, Gemma
Air--Pollution
Organic water pollutants
Persistent pollutants
Wet deposition
Snow
Scavenging
Amplification
Antarctica
PFASs
OPEs
PAHs
PCBs
PBDEs
Aire--Contaminació
Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua
Contaminants persistents
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental
title_short Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
title_full Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
title_fullStr Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
title_full_unstemmed Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
title_sort Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Casas Papell, Gemma
Martínez Varela, Alicia
Vila-Costa, Maria
Jimenez, Begoña
Dachs Marginet, Jordi
author Casas Papell, Gemma
author_facet Casas Papell, Gemma
Martínez Varela, Alicia
Vila-Costa, Maria
Jimenez, Begoña
Dachs Marginet, Jordi
author_role author
author2 Martínez Varela, Alicia
Vila-Costa, Maria
Jimenez, Begoña
Dachs Marginet, Jordi
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Air--Pollution
Organic water pollutants
Persistent pollutants
Wet deposition
Snow
Scavenging
Amplification
Antarctica
PFASs
OPEs
PAHs
PCBs
PBDEs
Aire--Contaminació
Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua
Contaminants persistents
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental
topic Air--Pollution
Organic water pollutants
Persistent pollutants
Wet deposition
Snow
Scavenging
Amplification
Antarctica
PFASs
OPEs
PAHs
PCBs
PBDEs
Aire--Contaminació
Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua
Contaminants persistents
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental
description Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain–aerosol (KRP) and rain–gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas–water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-09-23
2023
2023-01-27
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381343
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381343
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03295
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.300724

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