Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting

The internet of things (IoT) makes it possible to measure physical variables and acquire data in places that were impossible a few years ago, such as transmission lines and electrical substations. Monitoring and fault diagnosis strategies can then be applied. A battery or an energy harvesting system...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Liu, Yuming, Riba Ruiz, Jordi-Roger|||0000-0001-8774-2389, Moreno Eguilaz, Juan Manuel|||0000-0001-6086-7034
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/381527
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381527
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031480
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Energy harvesting
Thermoelectric generator
High voltage
Substation connector
Battery efficiency
Power consumption
Energia -- Captació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica
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spelling Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvestingLiu, YumingRiba Ruiz, Jordi-Roger|||0000-0001-8774-2389Moreno Eguilaz, Juan Manuel|||0000-0001-6086-7034Energy harvestingEnergy harvestingThermoelectric generatorHigh voltageSubstation connectorBattery efficiencyPower consumptionEnergia -- CaptacióÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònicaThe internet of things (IoT) makes it possible to measure physical variables and acquire data in places that were impossible a few years ago, such as transmission lines and electrical substations. Monitoring and fault diagnosis strategies can then be applied. A battery or an energy harvesting system charging a rechargeable battery typically powers IoT devices. The energy harvesting unit and rechargeable battery supply the sensors and wireless communications modules. Therefore, the energy harvesting unit must be correctly sized to optimize the availability and reliability of IoT devices. This paper applies a power balance of the entire IoT device, including the energy harvesting module that includes two thermoelectric generators and a DC–DC converter, the battery, and the sensors and communication modules. Due to the small currents typical of the different communication phases and their fast-switching nature, it is not trivial to measure the energy in each phase, requiring very specific instrumentation. This work shows that using conventional instrumentation it is possible to measure the energy involved in the different modes of communication. A detailed energy balance of the battery is also carried out during charge and discharge cycles, as well as communication modes, from which the maximum allowable data transfer rate is determined. The approach presented here can be generalized to many other smart grid IoT devices.Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)20232023-01-2820232023-01-31journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/381527https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031480reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3815272026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
title Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
spellingShingle Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
Liu, Yuming
Energy harvesting
Energy harvesting
Thermoelectric generator
High voltage
Substation connector
Battery efficiency
Power consumption
Energia -- Captació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica
title_short Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
title_full Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
title_fullStr Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
title_full_unstemmed Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
title_sort Energy balance of wireless sensor nodes based on bluetooth low energy and thermoelectric energy harvesting
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Liu, Yuming
Riba Ruiz, Jordi-Roger|||0000-0001-8774-2389
Moreno Eguilaz, Juan Manuel|||0000-0001-6086-7034
author Liu, Yuming
author_facet Liu, Yuming
Riba Ruiz, Jordi-Roger|||0000-0001-8774-2389
Moreno Eguilaz, Juan Manuel|||0000-0001-6086-7034
author_role author
author2 Riba Ruiz, Jordi-Roger|||0000-0001-8774-2389
Moreno Eguilaz, Juan Manuel|||0000-0001-6086-7034
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Energy harvesting
Energy harvesting
Thermoelectric generator
High voltage
Substation connector
Battery efficiency
Power consumption
Energia -- Captació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica
topic Energy harvesting
Energy harvesting
Thermoelectric generator
High voltage
Substation connector
Battery efficiency
Power consumption
Energia -- Captació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica
description The internet of things (IoT) makes it possible to measure physical variables and acquire data in places that were impossible a few years ago, such as transmission lines and electrical substations. Monitoring and fault diagnosis strategies can then be applied. A battery or an energy harvesting system charging a rechargeable battery typically powers IoT devices. The energy harvesting unit and rechargeable battery supply the sensors and wireless communications modules. Therefore, the energy harvesting unit must be correctly sized to optimize the availability and reliability of IoT devices. This paper applies a power balance of the entire IoT device, including the energy harvesting module that includes two thermoelectric generators and a DC–DC converter, the battery, and the sensors and communication modules. Due to the small currents typical of the different communication phases and their fast-switching nature, it is not trivial to measure the energy in each phase, requiring very specific instrumentation. This work shows that using conventional instrumentation it is possible to measure the energy involved in the different modes of communication. A detailed energy balance of the battery is also carried out during charge and discharge cycles, as well as communication modes, from which the maximum allowable data transfer rate is determined. The approach presented here can be generalized to many other smart grid IoT devices.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023-01-28
2023
2023-01-31
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381527
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031480
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/381527
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031480
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300719

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