Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties

In 2023, new legislation will ban the use of animals in the cosmetic industry worldwide. This fact, together with ethical considerations concerning the use of animals or humans in scientific research, highlights the need to propose new alternatives for replacing their use. The aim of this study is t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Guerle Cavero, Rocío, Lleal Fontàs, Blanca, Balfagon, Alberto
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Ramon Llull (URL)
Repositorio:DAU Arxiu Digital de la Universitat Ramon Llull
OAI Identifier:oai:dau.url.edu:20.500.14342/3810
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/3810
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071807
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Chitosan
Crosslinking
Membrane
Pores
Layers
Elasticity
Permeation
Human skin
Ethics
Quitosan
Membranes (Biologia)
Elasticitat
Permeabilitat
Pell
Ètica
547
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oai_identifier_str oai:dau.url.edu:20.500.14342/3810
network_acronym_str ES
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repository_id_str
spelling Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin PropertiesGuerle Cavero, RocíoLleal Fontàs, BlancaBalfagon, AlbertoChitosanCrosslinkingMembranePoresLayersElasticityPermeationHuman skinEthicsQuitosanMembranes (Biologia)ElasticitatPermeabilitatPellÈtica547In 2023, new legislation will ban the use of animals in the cosmetic industry worldwide. This fact, together with ethical considerations concerning the use of animals or humans in scientific research, highlights the need to propose new alternatives for replacing their use. The aim of this study is to create a tri-layered chitosan membrane ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in order to simulate the number of layers in human skin. The current article highlights the creation of a membrane where pores were induced by a novel method. Swelling index, pore creation, and mechanical property measurements revealed that the swelling index of chitosan membranes decreased and, their pore formation and elasticity increased with an increase in the Deacetylation Grade (DDA). Additionally, the results demonstrate that chitosan’s origin can influence the elastic modulus value and reproducibility, with higher values being obtained with seashell than snow crab or shrimp shells. Furthermore, the data show that the addition of each layer, until reaching three layers, increases the elastic modulus. Moreover, if layers are crosslinked, the elastic modulus increases to a much greater extent. The characterization of three kinds of chitosan membranes was performed to find the most suitable material for studying different human skin properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionMDPIUniversitat Ramon Llull. IQS202420242021info:eu-repo/semantics/article12 p.application/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/3810https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071807reponame:DAU Arxiu Digital de la Universitat Ramon Llullinstname:Universitat Ramon Llull (URL)InglésMaterials© L'autor/aAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dau.url.edu:20.500.14342/38102026-06-21T06:40:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
title Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
spellingShingle Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
Guerle Cavero, Rocío
Chitosan
Crosslinking
Membrane
Pores
Layers
Elasticity
Permeation
Human skin
Ethics
Quitosan
Membranes (Biologia)
Elasticitat
Permeabilitat
Pell
Ètica
547
title_short Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
title_full Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
title_fullStr Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
title_full_unstemmed Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
title_sort Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Guerle Cavero, Rocío
Lleal Fontàs, Blanca
Balfagon, Alberto
author Guerle Cavero, Rocío
author_facet Guerle Cavero, Rocío
Lleal Fontàs, Blanca
Balfagon, Alberto
author_role author
author2 Lleal Fontàs, Blanca
Balfagon, Alberto
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Ramon Llull. IQS
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Chitosan
Crosslinking
Membrane
Pores
Layers
Elasticity
Permeation
Human skin
Ethics
Quitosan
Membranes (Biologia)
Elasticitat
Permeabilitat
Pell
Ètica
547
topic Chitosan
Crosslinking
Membrane
Pores
Layers
Elasticity
Permeation
Human skin
Ethics
Quitosan
Membranes (Biologia)
Elasticitat
Permeabilitat
Pell
Ètica
547
description In 2023, new legislation will ban the use of animals in the cosmetic industry worldwide. This fact, together with ethical considerations concerning the use of animals or humans in scientific research, highlights the need to propose new alternatives for replacing their use. The aim of this study is to create a tri-layered chitosan membrane ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in order to simulate the number of layers in human skin. The current article highlights the creation of a membrane where pores were induced by a novel method. Swelling index, pore creation, and mechanical property measurements revealed that the swelling index of chitosan membranes decreased and, their pore formation and elasticity increased with an increase in the Deacetylation Grade (DDA). Additionally, the results demonstrate that chitosan’s origin can influence the elastic modulus value and reproducibility, with higher values being obtained with seashell than snow crab or shrimp shells. Furthermore, the data show that the addition of each layer, until reaching three layers, increases the elastic modulus. Moreover, if layers are crosslinked, the elastic modulus increases to a much greater extent. The characterization of three kinds of chitosan membranes was performed to find the most suitable material for studying different human skin properties.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/3810
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071807
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/3810
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071807
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Materials
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © L'autor/a
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv © L'autor/a
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 12 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DAU Arxiu Digital de la Universitat Ramon Llull
instname:Universitat Ramon Llull (URL)
instname_str Universitat Ramon Llull (URL)
reponame_str DAU Arxiu Digital de la Universitat Ramon Llull
collection DAU Arxiu Digital de la Universitat Ramon Llull
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869422929616306176
score 15.300724

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