Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: from vacuum to liquids

We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Jaafar Ruiz-Castellanos, Miriam, Martínez-Martín, David, Cuenca, Mariano, Raman, Arvind, Gómez Herrero, Julio, Melcher, John
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2012
País:España
Institución:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/662642
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10486/662642
https://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.38
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Control systems
Atomic force microscopy
Dissipation
Frequency modulation
Noncontact
Física
Descripción
Sumario:We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude constant by regulating the driving force, and the second uses the driving force as the feedback variable for topography. Additionally, a phase-locked loop can be used as a parallel feedback allowing separation of the conservative and nonconservative interactions. We describe the basis of this mode and present some examples of its performance in three different environments. Drive-amplutide modulation is a very stable, intuitive and easy to use mode that is free of the feedback instability associated with the noncontact-to-contact transition that occurs in the frequency-modulation mode