Towards scalable Community Networks topologies

Community Networks (CNs) are grassroots bottom-up initiatives that build local infrastructures, normally using Wi-Fi technology, to bring broadband networking in areas with inadequate offer of traditional infrastructures such as ADSL, FTTx or wide-band cellular (LTE, 5G). Albeit they normally operat...

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Autores: Maccari, Leonardo, Gemmi, Gabriele, Lo Cigno, Renato, Karaliopoulos, Merkourios, Navarro Moldes, Leandro|||0000-0003-4775-5526
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/168983
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/168983
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101949
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Electronic villages (Computer networks)
Broadband communication systems
Community Networks
Stochastic network evolution
Economic incentives
Bottom-up broadband
Alternative architectures
Xarxes ad hoc (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Ciutats digitals (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Telecomunicació de banda ampla, Sistemes de
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors::Xarxes de banda ampla
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oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/168983
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Towards scalable Community Networks topologiesMaccari, LeonardoGemmi, GabrieleLo Cigno, RenatoKaraliopoulos, MerkouriosNavarro Moldes, Leandro|||0000-0003-4775-5526Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)Electronic villages (Computer networks)Broadband communication systemsCommunity NetworksStochastic network evolutionEconomic incentivesBottom-up broadbandAlternative architecturesXarxes ad hoc (Xarxes d'ordinadors)Ciutats digitals (Xarxes d'ordinadors)Telecomunicació de banda ampla, Sistemes deÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors::Xarxes de banda amplaCommunity Networks (CNs) are grassroots bottom-up initiatives that build local infrastructures, normally using Wi-Fi technology, to bring broadband networking in areas with inadequate offer of traditional infrastructures such as ADSL, FTTx or wide-band cellular (LTE, 5G). Albeit they normally operate as access networks to the Internet, CNs are ad-hoc networks that evolve based on local requirements and constraints, often including additional local services on top of Internet access. These networks grow in highly decentralized manner that radically deviates from the top-down network planning practiced in commercial mobile networks, depending, on the one hand, on the willingness of people to participate, and, on the other hand, on the feasibility of wireless links connecting the houses of potential participants with each other. In this paper, we present a novel methodology and its implementation into an automated tool, which enables the exercise of (light) centralized control to the dynamic and otherwise spontaneous CN growth process. The goal of the methodology is influencing the choices to connect a new node to the CN so that it can grow with more balance and to a larger size. Input to our methodology are open source resources about the physical terrain of the CN deployment area, such as Open Street Map and very detailed (less than 1 m resolution) LIDAR-based data about buildings layout and height, as well as technical descriptions and pricing data about off-the-shelf networking devices that are made available by manufacturers. Data related to demographics can be easily added to refine the environment description. With these data at hand, the tool can estimate the technical and economic feasibility of adding new nodes to the CN and actively assist new CN users in selecting proper equipment and CN node(s) to connect with to improve the CN scalability. We test our methodology in four different areas representing standard territorial characterization categories: urban, suburban, intermediate, and rural. In all four cases our tool shows that CNs scale to much larger size using the assisted, network-aware methodology when compared with de facto practices. Results also show that the CNs deployed with the assisted methodology are more balanced and have a lower per-node cost for the same per-node guaranteed bandwidth. Moreover, this is achieved with fewer devices per node, which means that the network is cheaper to build and easier to maintain.Peer ReviewedElsevier20192019-11-0120192019-10-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/168983https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101949reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)InglésengEuropean Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/100010661 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 688768 network infrastructure as commonsopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1689832026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
title Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
spellingShingle Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
Maccari, Leonardo
Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Electronic villages (Computer networks)
Broadband communication systems
Community Networks
Stochastic network evolution
Economic incentives
Bottom-up broadband
Alternative architectures
Xarxes ad hoc (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Ciutats digitals (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Telecomunicació de banda ampla, Sistemes de
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors::Xarxes de banda ampla
title_short Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
title_full Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
title_fullStr Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
title_full_unstemmed Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
title_sort Towards scalable Community Networks topologies
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Maccari, Leonardo
Gemmi, Gabriele
Lo Cigno, Renato
Karaliopoulos, Merkourios
Navarro Moldes, Leandro|||0000-0003-4775-5526
author Maccari, Leonardo
author_facet Maccari, Leonardo
Gemmi, Gabriele
Lo Cigno, Renato
Karaliopoulos, Merkourios
Navarro Moldes, Leandro|||0000-0003-4775-5526
author_role author
author2 Gemmi, Gabriele
Lo Cigno, Renato
Karaliopoulos, Merkourios
Navarro Moldes, Leandro|||0000-0003-4775-5526
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Electronic villages (Computer networks)
Broadband communication systems
Community Networks
Stochastic network evolution
Economic incentives
Bottom-up broadband
Alternative architectures
Xarxes ad hoc (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Ciutats digitals (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Telecomunicació de banda ampla, Sistemes de
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors::Xarxes de banda ampla
topic Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Electronic villages (Computer networks)
Broadband communication systems
Community Networks
Stochastic network evolution
Economic incentives
Bottom-up broadband
Alternative architectures
Xarxes ad hoc (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Ciutats digitals (Xarxes d'ordinadors)
Telecomunicació de banda ampla, Sistemes de
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telemàtica i xarxes d'ordinadors::Xarxes de banda ampla
description Community Networks (CNs) are grassroots bottom-up initiatives that build local infrastructures, normally using Wi-Fi technology, to bring broadband networking in areas with inadequate offer of traditional infrastructures such as ADSL, FTTx or wide-band cellular (LTE, 5G). Albeit they normally operate as access networks to the Internet, CNs are ad-hoc networks that evolve based on local requirements and constraints, often including additional local services on top of Internet access. These networks grow in highly decentralized manner that radically deviates from the top-down network planning practiced in commercial mobile networks, depending, on the one hand, on the willingness of people to participate, and, on the other hand, on the feasibility of wireless links connecting the houses of potential participants with each other. In this paper, we present a novel methodology and its implementation into an automated tool, which enables the exercise of (light) centralized control to the dynamic and otherwise spontaneous CN growth process. The goal of the methodology is influencing the choices to connect a new node to the CN so that it can grow with more balance and to a larger size. Input to our methodology are open source resources about the physical terrain of the CN deployment area, such as Open Street Map and very detailed (less than 1 m resolution) LIDAR-based data about buildings layout and height, as well as technical descriptions and pricing data about off-the-shelf networking devices that are made available by manufacturers. Data related to demographics can be easily added to refine the environment description. With these data at hand, the tool can estimate the technical and economic feasibility of adding new nodes to the CN and actively assist new CN users in selecting proper equipment and CN node(s) to connect with to improve the CN scalability. We test our methodology in four different areas representing standard territorial characterization categories: urban, suburban, intermediate, and rural. In all four cases our tool shows that CNs scale to much larger size using the assisted, network-aware methodology when compared with de facto practices. Results also show that the CNs deployed with the assisted methodology are more balanced and have a lower per-node cost for the same per-node guaranteed bandwidth. Moreover, this is achieved with fewer devices per node, which means that the network is cheaper to build and easier to maintain.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019-11-01
2019
2019-10-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/168983
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101949
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/168983
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101949
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv European Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/100010661 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 688768 network infrastructure as commons
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300724

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