Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode

The research interest on indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) has increased during the last years, especially using LED lighting, since they can deal with the dual functionality of lighting and localization with centimetric accuracy. There are several positioning approaches using lateration and angu...

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Autores: Aparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312X, Raes, Willem, Stevens, Nobby, Ureña Ureña, Jesús|||0000-0003-1408-6039, Hernández Alonso, Álvaro|||0000-0001-9308-8133
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
Repositorio:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/57879
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57879
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3198009
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Quadrant Photodiode
Visible Light Positioning
Gaussian Processes
Electrónica
Electronics
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spelling Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant PhotodiodeAparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312XRaes, WillemStevens, NobbyUreña Ureña, Jesús|||0000-0003-1408-6039Hernández Alonso, Álvaro|||0000-0001-9308-8133Quadrant PhotodiodeVisible Light PositioningGaussian ProcessesElectrónicaElectronicsThe research interest on indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) has increased during the last years, especially using LED lighting, since they can deal with the dual functionality of lighting and localization with centimetric accuracy. There are several positioning approaches using lateration and angular methods. These methods typically rely on the physical model to deal with the multipath effect, environmental fluctuations, calibration of the optical setup, etc. A recent approach is the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. ML techniques provide accurate location estimates based on observed data without requiring the underlying physical model to be described. This work proposes an optical indoor local positioning system based on multiple LEDs and a quadrant photodiode plus an aperture. Different frequencies are used to allow the simultaneous emission of all transmitted signals and their processing at the receiver. For that purpose, two algorithms are developed. First, a triangulation algorithm based on Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, which uses the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from every LED on each quadrant to determine the image points projected from each emitter on the receiver and, then, implements a Least Squares Estimator (LSE) and trigonometric considerations to estimate the receiver?s position. Secondly, the performance of a data-driven approach using Gaussian Processes is evaluated. The proposals have been experimentally validated in an area of 3 × 3m2 and a height of 1.3m (distance from transmitters to receiver). The experimental tests achieve p50 and p95 2D absolute errors below 9.38 cm and 21.94 cm for the AoA-based triangulation algorithm, and 3.62 cm and 16.65 cm for the Gaussian Processes.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónIEEE20222022-08-10journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10017/57879https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3198009reponame:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcaláinstname:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)InglésengAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 RTI2018-095168-B-C51 SISTEMAS DE POSICIONAMIENTO LOCAL: ENFOQUE HOLISTICO DESDE LAS TECNOLOGIAS BASE HASTA LAS APLICACIONESopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/578792026-06-18T11:13:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
title Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
spellingShingle Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
Aparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312X
Quadrant Photodiode
Visible Light Positioning
Gaussian Processes
Electrónica
Electronics
title_short Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
title_full Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
title_fullStr Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
title_sort Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Aparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312X
Raes, Willem
Stevens, Nobby
Ureña Ureña, Jesús|||0000-0003-1408-6039
Hernández Alonso, Álvaro|||0000-0001-9308-8133
author Aparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312X
author_facet Aparicio Esteve, Elena|||0000-0001-7886-312X
Raes, Willem
Stevens, Nobby
Ureña Ureña, Jesús|||0000-0003-1408-6039
Hernández Alonso, Álvaro|||0000-0001-9308-8133
author_role author
author2 Raes, Willem
Stevens, Nobby
Ureña Ureña, Jesús|||0000-0003-1408-6039
Hernández Alonso, Álvaro|||0000-0001-9308-8133
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Quadrant Photodiode
Visible Light Positioning
Gaussian Processes
Electrónica
Electronics
topic Quadrant Photodiode
Visible Light Positioning
Gaussian Processes
Electrónica
Electronics
description The research interest on indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) has increased during the last years, especially using LED lighting, since they can deal with the dual functionality of lighting and localization with centimetric accuracy. There are several positioning approaches using lateration and angular methods. These methods typically rely on the physical model to deal with the multipath effect, environmental fluctuations, calibration of the optical setup, etc. A recent approach is the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. ML techniques provide accurate location estimates based on observed data without requiring the underlying physical model to be described. This work proposes an optical indoor local positioning system based on multiple LEDs and a quadrant photodiode plus an aperture. Different frequencies are used to allow the simultaneous emission of all transmitted signals and their processing at the receiver. For that purpose, two algorithms are developed. First, a triangulation algorithm based on Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, which uses the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from every LED on each quadrant to determine the image points projected from each emitter on the receiver and, then, implements a Least Squares Estimator (LSE) and trigonometric considerations to estimate the receiver?s position. Secondly, the performance of a data-driven approach using Gaussian Processes is evaluated. The proposals have been experimentally validated in an area of 3 × 3m2 and a height of 1.3m (distance from transmitters to receiver). The experimental tests achieve p50 and p95 2D absolute errors below 9.38 cm and 21.94 cm for the AoA-based triangulation algorithm, and 3.62 cm and 16.65 cm for the Gaussian Processes.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022-08-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57879
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3198009
url http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57879
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3198009
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 RTI2018-095168-B-C51 SISTEMAS DE POSICIONAMIENTO LOCAL: ENFOQUE HOLISTICO DESDE LAS TECNOLOGIAS BASE HASTA LAS APLICACIONES
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IEEE
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IEEE
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
instname:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
instname_str Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
reponame_str e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
collection e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
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