The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating

The reduced spectra and maps are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A166 Observations based on Herschel and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) data. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with...

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Autores: Bellocchi, Enrica, Martín Pintado, J., Güsten, R., Requena Torres, Miguel Angel, Harris, A., Van der Werf, P. P., Israel, F. P., Weiss, A., Kramer, C., García-Burillo, Santiago, Stutzki, J.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/301
Acceso en línea:https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/10/aa37782-20/aa37782-20.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/301
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:ISM: molecules
Infrared: galaxies
Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: starburst
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
Galaxies: active
id ES_e59a8a67e25a3c2da71e7129e4046078
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/301
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
title The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
spellingShingle The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
Bellocchi, Enrica
ISM: molecules
Infrared: galaxies
Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: starburst
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
Galaxies: active
title_short The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
title_full The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
title_fullStr The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
title_full_unstemmed The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
title_sort The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heating
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bellocchi, Enrica
Martín Pintado, J.
Güsten, R.
Requena Torres, Miguel Angel
Harris, A.
Van der Werf, P. P.
Israel, F. P.
Weiss, A.
Kramer, C.
García-Burillo, Santiago
Stutzki, J.
author Bellocchi, Enrica
author_facet Bellocchi, Enrica
Martín Pintado, J.
Güsten, R.
Requena Torres, Miguel Angel
Harris, A.
Van der Werf, P. P.
Israel, F. P.
Weiss, A.
Kramer, C.
García-Burillo, Santiago
Stutzki, J.
author_role author
author2 Martín Pintado, J.
Güsten, R.
Requena Torres, Miguel Angel
Harris, A.
Van der Werf, P. P.
Israel, F. P.
Weiss, A.
Kramer, C.
García-Burillo, Santiago
Stutzki, J.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737
Bellocchi, E. [0000-0001-9791-4228]
European Space Agency (ESA)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)
Comunidad de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ISM: molecules
Infrared: galaxies
Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: starburst
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
Galaxies: active
topic ISM: molecules
Infrared: galaxies
Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: starburst
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
Galaxies: active
description The reduced spectra and maps are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A166 Observations based on Herschel and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) data. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. APEX is a collaboration between the Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/10/aa37782-20/aa37782-20.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/301
url https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/10/aa37782-20/aa37782-20.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/301
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv CONTRIBUCION ESPAÑOLA A LAS MISIONES ESPACIALES CRIOGENICAS SPICA Y ATHENA, POST-OPERACIONES DE HERSCHEL Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTIFRECUENCIA
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R
EVOLUCION DE GALAXIAS Y SUS AGUJEROS NEGROS CON ALTA RESOLUCION ESPACIAL: FEEDBACK, EL TORO Y FORMACION ESTELAR
CONTRIBUCION DEL CAB A SPICA, DESARROLLO DE INSTRUMENTACION CRIOGENICA Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTILONGITUD DE ONDA
LA PERSPECTIVA DE ALMA SOBRE EL CICLO DE GAS EN GALAXIAS ACTIVAS
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-105552RB-C41
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106027GA-C44
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-094671-B-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
© ESO 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
© ESO 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
instname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
reponame_str DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
collection DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large-scale (parsecs) mechanical heatingBellocchi, EnricaMartín Pintado, J.Güsten, R.Requena Torres, Miguel AngelHarris, A.Van der Werf, P. P.Israel, F. P.Weiss, A.Kramer, C.García-Burillo, SantiagoStutzki, J.ISM: moleculesInfrared: galaxiesGalaxies: ISMGalaxies: starburstGalaxies: kinematics and dynamicsGalaxies: activeThe reduced spectra and maps are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A166 Observations based on Herschel and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) data. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. APEX is a collaboration between the Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory.Context. Understanding the dominant heating mechanism in the nuclei of galaxies is crucial to understanding star formation in starbursts (SBs), active galactic nuclei (AGN) phenomena, and the relationship between star formation and AGN activity in galaxies. Analysis of the carbon monoxide (12CO) rotational ladder versus the infrared continuum emission (hereafter, 12CO/IR) in galaxies with different types of activity reveals important differences between them. Aims. We aim to carry out a comprehensive study of the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy, NGC 4945, using spectroscopic and photometric data from the Herschel satellite. In particular, we want to characterize the thermal structure in this galaxy using a multi-transition analysis of the spatial distribution of the 12CO emission at different spatial scales. We also want to establish the dominant heating mechanism at work in the inner region of this object at smaller spatial scales (≲200 pc). Methods. We present far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter (sub-mm) 12CO line maps and single spectra (from Jup = 3 to 20) using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI), the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS), and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) onboard Herschel, and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX). We combined the 12CO/IR flux ratios and the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) analysis of the 12CO images to derive the thermal structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) for spatial scales raging from ≲200 pc to 2 kpc. In addition, we also present single spectra of low- (12CO, 13CO and [CI]) and high-density (HCN, HNC, HCO+, CS and CH) molecular gas tracers obtained with APEX and HIFI applying LTE and non-LTE (NLTE) analyses. Furthermore, the spectral energy distribution of the continuum emission from the FIR to sub-mm wavelengths is also presented. Results. From the NLTE analysis of the low- and high-density tracers, we derive gas volume densities (103–106 cm−3) for NGC 4945 that are similar to those found in other galaxies with different types of activity. From the 12CO analysis we find a clear trend in the distribution of the derived temperatures and the 12CO/IR ratios. It is remarkable that at intermediate scales (360 pc–1 kpc, or 19″–57″) we see large temperatures in the direction of the X-ray outflow while at smaller scales (≲200 pc–360 pc, or ∼9″–19″), the highest temperature, derived from the high-J lines, is not found toward the nucleus but toward the galaxy plane. The thermal structure derived from the 12CO multi-transition analysis suggests that mechanical heating, like shocks or turbulence, dominates the heating of the ISM in the nucleus of NGC4945 located beyond 100 pc (≳5″) from the center of the galaxy. This result is further supported by published models, which are able to reproduce the emission observed at high-J (PACS) 12CO transitions when mechanical heating mechanisms are included. Shocks and/or turbulence are likely produced by the barred potential and the outflow observed in X–rays.We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions which helped us to improve the quality and presentation of the manuscript. E. B. acknowledges the support from Comunidad de Madrid through the Atraccion de Talento grant 2017-T1/TIC-5213. J.M.P. acknowledges partial support by the MINECO and FEDER funding under grant ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R and PID2019-105552RB-C41. M.A.R.T. acknowledges support by the APEX project M-081.F-0034-2008. S.G.B. acknowledges support from the research projects PGC2018-094671-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and PID2019-106027GA-C44 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion. This work is based on observations acquired with the Herschel Satellite, obtained from the ESA Herschel Science Archive, and with the APEX antenna, obtained from the project M-081.F-0034-2008. This research has made use of: (1) the ESA Herschel Science Archive; (2) the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737).Peer reviewEDP SciencesUnidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737Bellocchi, E. [0000-0001-9791-4228]European Space Agency (ESA)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Comunidad de Madrid202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501application/pdfhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/10/aa37782-20/aa37782-20.htmlhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/301reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacialinstname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)InglésCONTRIBUCION ESPAÑOLA A LAS MISIONES ESPACIALES CRIOGENICAS SPICA Y ATHENA, POST-OPERACIONES DE HERSCHEL Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTIFRECUENCIAinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-86582-C4-1-REVOLUCION DE GALAXIAS Y SUS AGUJEROS NEGROS CON ALTA RESOLUCION ESPACIAL: FEEDBACK, EL TORO Y FORMACION ESTELARCONTRIBUCION DEL CAB A SPICA, DESARROLLO DE INSTRUMENTACION CRIOGENICA Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTILONGITUD DE ONDALA PERSPECTIVA DE ALMA SOBRE EL CICLO DE GAS EN GALAXIAS ACTIVASinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-105552RB-C41info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106027GA-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-094671-B-I00Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International© ESO 2020https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/3012026-06-23T12:46:37Z
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