Kala-azar outbreak in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia: epidemiologic and parasitologic assessment

In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia. In October 2005, a rapid assessment was conducted using data from 492 patients with VL treated in the district health center and a household survey of 584 residents of four villages. One subdistrict...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Alvar, Jorge, Bashaye, Seife, Argaw, Daniel, Cruz, Israel, Aparicio, Pilar, Kassa, Askal, Orfanos, Giannos, Parreño, Fernando, Babaniyi, Olusegan, Gudeta, Nigussu, Cañavate, Carmen, Bern, Caryn
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2007
País:España
Institución:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repositorio:Repisalud
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/17462
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17462
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Disease Outbreaks
Adolescent
Adult
Agglutination Tests
Animals
Child
Child, Preschool
DNA, Intergenic
DNA, Protozoan
Ethiopia
Female
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Leishmania
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Male
Middle Aged
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rural Population
Skin Tests
Descripción
Sumario:In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia. In October 2005, a rapid assessment was conducted using data from 492 patients with VL treated in the district health center and a household survey of 584 residents of four villages. One subdistrict accounted for 71% of early cases, but the incidence and number of affected subdistricts increased progressively throughout 2004-2005. In household-based data, we identified 9 treated VL cases, 12 current untreated cases, and 19 deaths attributable to VL (cumulative incidence, 7%). Thirty percent of participants were leishmanin skin test positive (men, 34%; women, 26%; P = 0.06). VL was more common in men than women (9.7% versus 4.5%, P < 0.05), possibly reflecting male outdoor sleeping habits. Molecular typing in splenic aspirates showed L. infantum (six) and L. donovani (one). Local transmission resulted from multiple introductions, is now well established, and will be difficult to eradicate.

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