Seismic hazard scenarios for the city of San José, Costa Rica: Evaluation of critical ruptures on nearby faults

Costa Rica has several active shallow (depth <15 km and Mw >5.3) crustal faults near towns with high seismic hazard. We present three critical deterministic hazard scenarios in San Jos & eacute; city for the Belo Horizonte, Cipreses, and R & iacute;o Azul fault systems, with Mw 6.2, 6....

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Benito, Maria Belen, Arroyo-Solorzano, Mario, Climent, Alvaro, Montero, Walter, Alvarado, Guillermo E., Lopez, Allan, Garcia-Lanchares, Carlos, Marchamalo, Miguel, Ornelas, Adriana, Hernandez-Rubio, Orlando, Quiros, Ligia
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::b20eb10eed1c4d30eb931a2ca5ac6d67
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/432231
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Central America
Faults
seismic hazard
seismic code
Descrição
Resumo:Costa Rica has several active shallow (depth <15 km and Mw >5.3) crustal faults near towns with high seismic hazard. We present three critical deterministic hazard scenarios in San Jos & eacute; city for the Belo Horizonte, Cipreses, and R & iacute;o Azul fault systems, with Mw 6.2, 6.3, and 6.6, and closest distances to the rupture surfaces of 5.0 km, 4.3 km, and 5.2 km, respectively (from the capital center). We estimate accelerations in rock and soil conditions using adapted amplification factors. The results show Peak Ground Acceleration values reaching 0.6-0.8 g in San Jos & eacute; and the Gran & Aacute;rea Metropolitana of Costa Rica, including soil conditions, the scenarios for the Cipreses and R & iacute;o Azul faults being the most hazardous. We also estimated the response spectra for specific locations, comparing them with those spectra based on the seismic code for Costa Rica. We found that the code spectra were exceeded for rigid and medium soils in short structural periods, but they were conservative for softer soils. Finally, to highlight the relevance of our scenarios, we estimated the deformation using InSAR techniques and a potential fault reactivation assessment by analyzing slip and dilation stress tendencies. The small deformation observed (<3 mm/year) compared with nearby deformation in the Aguacaliente-Navarro fault systems (over 1 cm/year) could indicate either gradual stress accumulation or that scarce energy is being released seismically. Furthermore, analyses of the stress tendencies in the 3 faults indicate a high potential fault reactivation in a short-medium term hazard. San Jos & eacute; has not suffered severe earthquake destruction in the last 500 years, although the occurrence of an earthquake such as the scenarios modeled could cause significant losses given the high exposure and vulnerability of the city. Our results provide a further step in seismic risk assessment for San Jos & eacute; aimed at the development of mitigation measures.