A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe
A reliable assessment of the optical properties of atmospheric black carbon is of crucial importance for an accurate estimation of radiative forcing. In this study we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of atmospheric black carbon, defined as light...
| Autores: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/174925 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/174925 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Black carbon ACTRIS Ebas Elemental carbon Atmosphere Light absorption Europe Mass absorption cross-section MAC Photometer Radiative forcing |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| title |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| spellingShingle |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe Zanatta, Marco Black carbon ACTRIS Ebas Elemental carbon Atmosphere Light absorption Europe Mass absorption cross-section MAC Photometer Radiative forcing |
| title_short |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| title_full |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| title_fullStr |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| title_sort |
A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Zanatta, Marco Alastuey, Andrés Pandolfi, Marco Laj, Paolo G. |
| author |
Zanatta, Marco |
| author_facet |
Zanatta, Marco Alastuey, Andrés Pandolfi, Marco Laj, Paolo G. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Alastuey, Andrés Pandolfi, Marco Laj, Paolo G. |
| author2_role |
author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
European Commission European Research Council Alastuey, Andrés [0000-0002-5453-5495] Pandolfi, Marco [0000-0002-7493-7213] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Black carbon ACTRIS Ebas Elemental carbon Atmosphere Light absorption Europe Mass absorption cross-section MAC Photometer Radiative forcing |
| topic |
Black carbon ACTRIS Ebas Elemental carbon Atmosphere Light absorption Europe Mass absorption cross-section MAC Photometer Radiative forcing |
| description |
A reliable assessment of the optical properties of atmospheric black carbon is of crucial importance for an accurate estimation of radiative forcing. In this study we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of atmospheric black carbon, defined as light absorption coefficient (σap) divided by elemental carbon mass concentration (mEC). σap and mEC have been monitored at supersites of the ACTRIS network for a minimum period of one year. The 9 rural background sites considered in this study cover southern Scandinavia, central Europe and the Mediterranean. σap was determined using filter based absorption photometers and mEC using a thermal-optical technique. Homogeneity of the data-set was ensured by harmonization of all involved methods and instruments during extensive intercomparison exercises at the European Center for Aerosol Calibration (ECAC). Annual mean values of σap at a wavelength of 637 nm vary between 0.66 and 1.3 Mm−1 in southern Scandinavia, 3.7–11 Mm−1 in Central Europe and the British Isles, and 2.3–2.8 Mm−1 in the Mediterranean. Annual mean values of mEC vary between 0.084 and 0.23 μg m−3 in southern Scandinavia, 0.28–1.1 in Central Europe and the British Isles, and 0.22–0.26 in the Mediterranean. Both σap and mEC in southern Scandinavia and Central Europe have a distinct seasonality with maxima during the cold season and minima during summer, whereas at the Mediterranean sites an opposite trend was observed. Annual mean MAC values were quite similar across all sites and the seasonal variability was small at most sites. Consequently, a MAC value of 10.0 m2 g−1 (geometric standard deviation = 1.33) at a wavelength of 637 nm can be considered to be representative of the mixed boundary layer at European background sites, where BC is expected to be internally mixed to a large extent. The observed spatial variability is rather small compared to the variability of values in previous literature, indicating that the harmonization efforts resulted in substantially increased precision of the reported MAC. However, absolute uncertainties of the reported MAC values remain as high as ± 30–70% due to the lack of appropriate reference methods and calibration materials. The mass ratio between elemental carbon and non-light-absorbing matter was used as a proxy for the thickness of coatings around the BC cores, in order to assess the influence of the mixing state on the MAC of BC. Indeed, the MAC was found to increase with increasing values of the coating thickness proxy. This provides evidence that coatings do increase the MAC of atmospheric BC to some extent, which is commonly referred to as lensing effect. © 2016 The Authors |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2019 2019 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/174925 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/174925 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Elsevier |
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Elsevier |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across EuropeZanatta, MarcoAlastuey, AndrésPandolfi, MarcoLaj, Paolo G.Black carbonACTRISEbasElemental carbonAtmosphereLight absorptionEuropeMass absorption cross-sectionMACPhotometerRadiative forcingA reliable assessment of the optical properties of atmospheric black carbon is of crucial importance for an accurate estimation of radiative forcing. In this study we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of atmospheric black carbon, defined as light absorption coefficient (σap) divided by elemental carbon mass concentration (mEC). σap and mEC have been monitored at supersites of the ACTRIS network for a minimum period of one year. The 9 rural background sites considered in this study cover southern Scandinavia, central Europe and the Mediterranean. σap was determined using filter based absorption photometers and mEC using a thermal-optical technique. Homogeneity of the data-set was ensured by harmonization of all involved methods and instruments during extensive intercomparison exercises at the European Center for Aerosol Calibration (ECAC). Annual mean values of σap at a wavelength of 637 nm vary between 0.66 and 1.3 Mm−1 in southern Scandinavia, 3.7–11 Mm−1 in Central Europe and the British Isles, and 2.3–2.8 Mm−1 in the Mediterranean. Annual mean values of mEC vary between 0.084 and 0.23 μg m−3 in southern Scandinavia, 0.28–1.1 in Central Europe and the British Isles, and 0.22–0.26 in the Mediterranean. Both σap and mEC in southern Scandinavia and Central Europe have a distinct seasonality with maxima during the cold season and minima during summer, whereas at the Mediterranean sites an opposite trend was observed. Annual mean MAC values were quite similar across all sites and the seasonal variability was small at most sites. Consequently, a MAC value of 10.0 m2 g−1 (geometric standard deviation = 1.33) at a wavelength of 637 nm can be considered to be representative of the mixed boundary layer at European background sites, where BC is expected to be internally mixed to a large extent. The observed spatial variability is rather small compared to the variability of values in previous literature, indicating that the harmonization efforts resulted in substantially increased precision of the reported MAC. However, absolute uncertainties of the reported MAC values remain as high as ± 30–70% due to the lack of appropriate reference methods and calibration materials. The mass ratio between elemental carbon and non-light-absorbing matter was used as a proxy for the thickness of coatings around the BC cores, in order to assess the influence of the mixing state on the MAC of BC. Indeed, the MAC was found to increase with increasing values of the coating thickness proxy. This provides evidence that coatings do increase the MAC of atmospheric BC to some extent, which is commonly referred to as lensing effect. © 2016 The AuthorsThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (ACTRIS, FP7/2007-2013, grant agreement no. 262254 ). ACTRIS-2 is a European Project supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme (ACTRIS-2, H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015, grant agreement no. 654109 ). This work was also supported by grants from Labex OSUG@2020 (PhD investissements d'avenir – ANR10 LABX56) and from the European Research Council (ERC-CoG 615922-BLACARAT). Appendix A.Peer reviewedElsevierEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilAlastuey, Andrés [0000-0002-5453-5495]Pandolfi, Marco [0000-0002-7493-7213]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]201920192016info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/174925reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/262254info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/654109https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.035Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1749252026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,811543 |