The causes of epistasis

Since Bateson's discovery that genes can suppress the phenotypic effects of other genes, gene interactions—called epistasis—have been the topic of a vast research effort. Systems and developmental biologists study epistasis to understand the genotype–phenotype map, whereas evolutionary biologis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: De Visser, J., Cooper, Tim F., Elena, Santiago F., Arjan, G. M.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2011
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/48711
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/48711
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Robustness
Evolvability
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
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spelling The causes of epistasisDe Visser, J.Cooper, Tim F.Elena, Santiago F.Arjan, G. M.RobustnessEvolvabilityEpistasisPleiotropySince Bateson's discovery that genes can suppress the phenotypic effects of other genes, gene interactions—called epistasis—have been the topic of a vast research effort. Systems and developmental biologists study epistasis to understand the genotype–phenotype map, whereas evolutionary biologists recognize the fundamental importance of epistasis for evolution. Depending on its form, epistasis may lead to divergence and speciation, provide evolutionary benefits to sex and affect the robustness and evolvability of organisms. That epistasis can itself be shaped by evolution has only recently been realized. Here, we review the empirical pattern of epistasis, and some of the factors that may affect the form and extent of epistasis. Based on their divergent consequences, we distinguish between interactions with or without mean effect, and those affecting the magnitude of fitness effects or their sign. Empirical work has begun to quantify epistasis in multiple dimensions in the context of metabolic and fitness landscape models. We discuss possible proximate causes (such as protein function and metabolic networks) and ultimate factors (including mutation, recombination, and the importance of natural selection and genetic drift). We conclude that, in general, pleiotropy is an important prerequisite for epistasis, and that epistasis may evolve as an adaptive or intrinsic consequence of changes in genetic robustness and evolvability.We thank Fons Debets, Ryszard Korona, Alexey Kondrashov, Joachim Krug, Sijmen Schoustra and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments, and funds from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 225167 (e-FLUX), a visitor grant from Research School Production Ecology and Resource Conservation for S.F.E., and NSF grant DEB-0844355 for T.F.C.Peer reviewedRoyal Society (Great Britain)201220122011info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://hdl.handle.net/10261/48711reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/487112026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The causes of epistasis
title The causes of epistasis
spellingShingle The causes of epistasis
De Visser, J.
Robustness
Evolvability
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
title_short The causes of epistasis
title_full The causes of epistasis
title_fullStr The causes of epistasis
title_full_unstemmed The causes of epistasis
title_sort The causes of epistasis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv De Visser, J.
Cooper, Tim F.
Elena, Santiago F.
Arjan, G. M.
author De Visser, J.
author_facet De Visser, J.
Cooper, Tim F.
Elena, Santiago F.
Arjan, G. M.
author_role author
author2 Cooper, Tim F.
Elena, Santiago F.
Arjan, G. M.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Robustness
Evolvability
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
topic Robustness
Evolvability
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
description Since Bateson's discovery that genes can suppress the phenotypic effects of other genes, gene interactions—called epistasis—have been the topic of a vast research effort. Systems and developmental biologists study epistasis to understand the genotype–phenotype map, whereas evolutionary biologists recognize the fundamental importance of epistasis for evolution. Depending on its form, epistasis may lead to divergence and speciation, provide evolutionary benefits to sex and affect the robustness and evolvability of organisms. That epistasis can itself be shaped by evolution has only recently been realized. Here, we review the empirical pattern of epistasis, and some of the factors that may affect the form and extent of epistasis. Based on their divergent consequences, we distinguish between interactions with or without mean effect, and those affecting the magnitude of fitness effects or their sign. Empirical work has begun to quantify epistasis in multiple dimensions in the context of metabolic and fitness landscape models. We discuss possible proximate causes (such as protein function and metabolic networks) and ultimate factors (including mutation, recombination, and the importance of natural selection and genetic drift). We conclude that, in general, pleiotropy is an important prerequisite for epistasis, and that epistasis may evolve as an adaptive or intrinsic consequence of changes in genetic robustness and evolvability.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011
2012
2012
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/48711
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/48711
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Society (Great Britain)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Society (Great Britain)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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