Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility

Persistent luminescent (PersL) nanophosphors that emit in the near infrared (NIR) region are promising nanoprobes for in vivo bioimaging. Although Cr3+-doped zinc gallate nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely studied as in vivo bioimaging nanoprobes due to their NIR PersL emission at 695 nm, the simp...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Arroyo, Encarnación, Monje, José Manuel, Muñoz Ruiz, Manuel Jesús, De la Fuente, Jesús M., Becerro, Ana I., Ocaña, Manuel, Torres Herrero, Beatriz
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO)
Repositorio:RIO. Repositorio Institucional Olavide
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:rio.upo.es:10433/25673
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25673
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Caenorhabditis elegans
Nanoparticles
Bioimaging
Biocompatibility
In vivo toxicity
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spelling Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and BiocompatibilityArroyo, EncarnaciónMonje, José ManuelMuñoz Ruiz, Manuel JesúsDe la Fuente, Jesús M.Becerro, Ana I.Ocaña, ManuelTorres Herrero, BeatrizCaenorhabditis elegansNanoparticlesBioimagingBiocompatibilityIn vivo toxicityPersistent luminescent (PersL) nanophosphors that emit in the near infrared (NIR) region are promising nanoprobes for in vivo bioimaging. Although Cr3+-doped zinc gallate nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely studied as in vivo bioimaging nanoprobes due to their NIR PersL emission at 695 nm, the simpler Cr3+-doped gallium oxide system has been less explored despite its deeper NIR emission (760 nm), which favors tissue penetration. This is likely due the lack of synthesis methods that render Ga2O3-based NPs suitable for in vivo applications. In this paper, a novel method for the synthesis of uniform and hydrophilic γ-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs is reported, whose photoluminescence (PL) and PersL are optimized by adjusting their Cr3+ content. Such properties are further greatly improved through an annealing process at high temperature, which result in the transformation of its crystal structure into the β-phase. The obtained β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs are colloidally stable in a physiological pH simulator medium and are nontoxic for cells. Finally, this work studies, for the first time in literature, the in vivo biocompatibility of such NPs using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) animal model, finding that their morbidity and reproductive toxicity are negligible. In summary, the reported NPs are excellent candidates for their use as a NIR PersL probes for in vivo bioimaging.Willey Online Library20262026-01-1920252025-09-0420252025-09-04journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10433/25673reponame:RIO. Repositorio Institucional Olavideinstname:Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:rio.upo.es:10433/256732026-06-13T12:46:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
title Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
spellingShingle Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
Arroyo, Encarnación
Caenorhabditis elegans
Nanoparticles
Bioimaging
Biocompatibility
In vivo toxicity
title_short Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
title_full Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
title_fullStr Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
title_full_unstemmed Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
title_sort Cr3+-Doped γ- and β-Gallium Oxide Nanoprobes for Bioimaging: Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Biocompatibility
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Arroyo, Encarnación
Monje, José Manuel
Muñoz Ruiz, Manuel Jesús
De la Fuente, Jesús M.
Becerro, Ana I.
Ocaña, Manuel
Torres Herrero, Beatriz
author Arroyo, Encarnación
author_facet Arroyo, Encarnación
Monje, José Manuel
Muñoz Ruiz, Manuel Jesús
De la Fuente, Jesús M.
Becerro, Ana I.
Ocaña, Manuel
Torres Herrero, Beatriz
author_role author
author2 Monje, José Manuel
Muñoz Ruiz, Manuel Jesús
De la Fuente, Jesús M.
Becerro, Ana I.
Ocaña, Manuel
Torres Herrero, Beatriz
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Caenorhabditis elegans
Nanoparticles
Bioimaging
Biocompatibility
In vivo toxicity
topic Caenorhabditis elegans
Nanoparticles
Bioimaging
Biocompatibility
In vivo toxicity
description Persistent luminescent (PersL) nanophosphors that emit in the near infrared (NIR) region are promising nanoprobes for in vivo bioimaging. Although Cr3+-doped zinc gallate nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely studied as in vivo bioimaging nanoprobes due to their NIR PersL emission at 695 nm, the simpler Cr3+-doped gallium oxide system has been less explored despite its deeper NIR emission (760 nm), which favors tissue penetration. This is likely due the lack of synthesis methods that render Ga2O3-based NPs suitable for in vivo applications. In this paper, a novel method for the synthesis of uniform and hydrophilic γ-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs is reported, whose photoluminescence (PL) and PersL are optimized by adjusting their Cr3+ content. Such properties are further greatly improved through an annealing process at high temperature, which result in the transformation of its crystal structure into the β-phase. The obtained β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs are colloidally stable in a physiological pH simulator medium and are nontoxic for cells. Finally, this work studies, for the first time in literature, the in vivo biocompatibility of such NPs using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) animal model, finding that their morbidity and reproductive toxicity are negligible. In summary, the reported NPs are excellent candidates for their use as a NIR PersL probes for in vivo bioimaging.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-09-04
2025
2025-09-04
2026
2026-01-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25673
url https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25673
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Willey Online Library
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Willey Online Library
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RIO. Repositorio Institucional Olavide
instname:Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO)
instname_str Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO)
reponame_str RIO. Repositorio Institucional Olavide
collection RIO. Repositorio Institucional Olavide
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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