Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain

Proximity to road traffic involves higher health risks because of atmospheric pollutants. In addition to outdoor air, indoor air quality contributes to overall exposure. In the framework of the BREATHE study, indoor and outdoor air pollution was assessed in 39 schools in Barcelona. The study quantif...

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Autores: Rivas, Ioar, Viana, Maria Carmen, Moreno, Teresa, Pandolfi, Marco, Amato, Fulvio, Reche, Cristina, Bouso, Laura, Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar, Sunyer Deu, Jordi, Alastuey, Andrés, Querol, Xavier
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2014
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/23741
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23741
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.009
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Aire -- Contaminació -- Toxicologia
Nitrogen
Infants
School indoor air
PM2.5
Black carbon
Ultrafine particles
Organic carbon
Mineral matter
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oai_identifier_str oai:recercat.cat:10230/23741
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
title Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
spellingShingle Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
Rivas, Ioar
Aire -- Contaminació -- Toxicologia
Nitrogen
Infants
School indoor air
PM2.5
Black carbon
Ultrafine particles
Organic carbon
Mineral matter
title_short Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_full Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_fullStr Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_full_unstemmed Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_sort Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rivas, Ioar
Viana, Maria Carmen
Moreno, Teresa
Pandolfi, Marco
Amato, Fulvio
Reche, Cristina
Bouso, Laura
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Alastuey, Andrés
Querol, Xavier
author Rivas, Ioar
author_facet Rivas, Ioar
Viana, Maria Carmen
Moreno, Teresa
Pandolfi, Marco
Amato, Fulvio
Reche, Cristina
Bouso, Laura
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Alastuey, Andrés
Querol, Xavier
author_role author
author2 Viana, Maria Carmen
Moreno, Teresa
Pandolfi, Marco
Amato, Fulvio
Reche, Cristina
Bouso, Laura
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Alastuey, Andrés
Querol, Xavier
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Aire -- Contaminació -- Toxicologia
Nitrogen
Infants
School indoor air
PM2.5
Black carbon
Ultrafine particles
Organic carbon
Mineral matter
topic Aire -- Contaminació -- Toxicologia
Nitrogen
Infants
School indoor air
PM2.5
Black carbon
Ultrafine particles
Organic carbon
Mineral matter
description Proximity to road traffic involves higher health risks because of atmospheric pollutants. In addition to outdoor air, indoor air quality contributes to overall exposure. In the framework of the BREATHE study, indoor and outdoor air pollution was assessed in 39 schools in Barcelona. The study quantifies indoor and outdoor air quality during school hours of the BREATHE schools. High levels of fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), equivalent black carbon (EBC), ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentration and road traffic related trace metals were detected in school playgrounds and indoor environments. PM2.5 almost doubled (factor of 1.7) the usual urban background (UB) levels reported for Barcelona owing to high school-sourced PM2.5 contributions: [1] an indoor-generated source characterised mainly by organic carbon (OC) from organic textile fibres, cooking and other organic emissions, and by calcium and strontium (chalk dust) and; [2] mineral elements from sand-filled playgrounds, detected both indoors and outdoors. The levels of mineral elements are unusually high in PM2.5 because of the breakdown of mineral particles during playground activities. Moreover, anthropogenic PM components (such as OC and arsenic) are dry/wet deposited in this mineral matter. Therefore, PM2.5 cannot be considered a good tracer of traffic emissions in schools despite being influenced by them. On the other hand, outdoor NO2, EBC, UFP, and antimony appear to be good indicators of traffic emissions. The concentrations of NO2 are 1.2 times higher at schools than UB, suggesting the proximity of some schools to road traffic. Indoor levels of these traffic-sourced pollutants are very similar to those detected outdoors, indicating easy penetration of atmospheric pollutants. Spatial variation shows higher levels of EBC, NO2, UFP and, partially, PM2.5 in schools in the centre than in the outskirts of Barcelona, highlighting the influence of traffic emissions. Mean child exposure to pollutants in schools in Barcelona attains intermediate levels between UB and traffic stations.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014
2015
2015
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23741
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.009
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23741
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.009
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Environmental International. 2014;69:200-12
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CGL2011-26574
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CTM2011-14730-E
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CLG2010-19464-CLI
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
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spelling Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, SpainRivas, IoarViana, Maria CarmenMoreno, TeresaPandolfi, MarcoAmato, FulvioReche, CristinaBouso, LauraÁlvarez Pedrerol, MarSunyer Deu, JordiAlastuey, AndrésQuerol, XavierAire -- Contaminació -- ToxicologiaNitrogenInfantsSchool indoor airPM2.5Black carbonUltrafine particlesOrganic carbonMineral matterProximity to road traffic involves higher health risks because of atmospheric pollutants. In addition to outdoor air, indoor air quality contributes to overall exposure. In the framework of the BREATHE study, indoor and outdoor air pollution was assessed in 39 schools in Barcelona. The study quantifies indoor and outdoor air quality during school hours of the BREATHE schools. High levels of fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), equivalent black carbon (EBC), ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentration and road traffic related trace metals were detected in school playgrounds and indoor environments. PM2.5 almost doubled (factor of 1.7) the usual urban background (UB) levels reported for Barcelona owing to high school-sourced PM2.5 contributions: [1] an indoor-generated source characterised mainly by organic carbon (OC) from organic textile fibres, cooking and other organic emissions, and by calcium and strontium (chalk dust) and; [2] mineral elements from sand-filled playgrounds, detected both indoors and outdoors. The levels of mineral elements are unusually high in PM2.5 because of the breakdown of mineral particles during playground activities. Moreover, anthropogenic PM components (such as OC and arsenic) are dry/wet deposited in this mineral matter. Therefore, PM2.5 cannot be considered a good tracer of traffic emissions in schools despite being influenced by them. On the other hand, outdoor NO2, EBC, UFP, and antimony appear to be good indicators of traffic emissions. The concentrations of NO2 are 1.2 times higher at schools than UB, suggesting the proximity of some schools to road traffic. Indoor levels of these traffic-sourced pollutants are very similar to those detected outdoors, indicating easy penetration of atmospheric pollutants. Spatial variation shows higher levels of EBC, NO2, UFP and, partially, PM2.5 in schools in the centre than in the outskirts of Barcelona, highlighting the influence of traffic emissions. Mean child exposure to pollutants in schools in Barcelona attains intermediate levels between UB and traffic stations.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (ERC-Advanced Grant) under grant agreement number 268479 — the BREATHE project. Thanks are due to the following schools: Antoni Brusi, Baloo, Betània-Patmos, Centre d'estudis Montseny, Col·legi Shalom, Costa i Llobera, El Sagrer, Els Llorers, Escola Pia de Sarrià, Escola Pia Balmes, Escola concertada Ramon Llull, Escola Nostra Sra. de Lourdes, Escola Tècnica Professional del Clot, Ferran i Clua, Francesc Macià, Frederic Mistral, Infant Jesús, Joan Maragall, Jovellanos, La Llacuna del Poblenou, Lloret, Menéndez Pidal, Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Miralletes, Ramon Llull, Rius i Taulet, Pau Vila, Pere Vila, Pi d'en Xandri, Projecte, Prosperitat, Sant Ramon Nonat-Sagrat Cor, Santa Anna, Sant Gregori, Sagrat Cor Diputació, Tres Pins, Tomàs Moro, Torrent d'en Melis and Virolai. The authors are thankful to the colleagues participating in the fieldwork and carrying the analitycal analysis, especially to Jesús Parga, Rafael Bartrolí, Mercè Cabanas, Iria Castro, Maria Foraster, Jordi Gil, Silvia Martínez, Carmen Muñoz, Rebeca Vázquez and Pau Ymbern. Additional instrumentation was kindly provided by national projects IMPACT (CGL2011-26574), VAMOS (CLG2010-19464-CLI) and CECAT (CTM2011-14730-E). Support from the Generalitat de Catalunya 2009 SGR8 is gratefully acknowledged.Elsevier201520152014info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/23741http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.009reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésEnvironmental International. 2014;69:200-12info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CGL2011-26574info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CTM2011-14730-Einfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CLG2010-19464-CLI© 2014, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.009http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/237412026-05-29T05:05:01Z
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