Estudio de materiales zeolíticos como estructuras anfitrionas de nanopartículas. Aplicaciones nanotecnológicas, catalíticas y medioambientales
In this thesis, a series of different metal-zeolite catalysts has been studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The studies have focused on the in situ activation processes of the materials, complemented with other available techniques in the laboratory, such as electron microscopy (SEM an...
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| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/90396 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/90396 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | catálisis metales nobles zeolitas caracterización espectroscopía rayos X XAS EXAFS XANES |
| Resumo: | In this thesis, a series of different metal-zeolite catalysts has been studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The studies have focused on the in situ activation processes of the materials, complemented with other available techniques in the laboratory, such as electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) or UV-Vis spectroscopy among others. The XAS technique has allowed the identification of the nature of the active catalytic centers in the desired reactions, and mainly the local geometries around the active metals including coordination numbers and interatomic distances, besides the oxidation states of the elements of interest. This knowledge is a key factor to understand any of the catalytic phenomena. In particular, Co and Cu-TNU-9 zeolites have been studied by this technique. These catalysts show superb catalytic behavior in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with propane (NO-SCR), allowing high conversion of NO and selectivities to N2, as well as the possibility of working under a wide range of concentrations of O2. The most relevant result of these catalysts based on TNU-9 zeolite is their higher hydrothermal stability under reaction conditions compared with other catalysts, especially Co-TNU-9. X ray asorption spectroscopy has doubtlessly shown the required presence of metal centers with different valences, pointing to the redox pairs reduced/ oxidized metal as active centers. The formation of these active redox pairs in the NO SCR reaction requires an oxidizing agent such as O2 in the reaction mixture to regenerate the oxidized species of Co and Cu. Pd and Pt catalysts supported on Sn-Beta zeolite have also been studied. These catalysts are greatly active and selective for the selective hydrogenation reactions of cinnamaldehyde and reductive amination of cyclohexanone, compared to the same Pd and Pt catalysts supported on Al-Beta And Si-Beta. XAS technique has identified the formation and composition of metallic nanoparticles of Pd or Pt alloyed with Sn atoms from the zeolite during the activation of the catalysts Pt/Sn-Beta and Pd/Sn-Beta under real conditions. In addition, metal nanoparticles formation during the activation of LTA zeolites of different Si / Al ratios (1, 2 and 5) exchanged with Ag+ cations has been studied by XAS. The nature of the silver species generated during the thermal activation process varies depending on the Si/Al ratio of the structure. Thus, Si/Al: 2 and 5 ratio samples present metallic particles of nanometric size, whereas cationic clusters (Agn)m + of subnanometric size are formed in the Si/Al: 1 ratio LTA zeolite. These types of materials have demonstrated excellent biocidal properties. This thesis is completed with an annex about the influence of the support on the nature of Co metal species actives for the formation of monolayer carbon nanotubes (SWNT) on Co-Mo supported catalysts studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy . |
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