Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps

By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin o...

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Autores: Ronquist, Fredrik, Nylander, Johan A. A., Vårdal, Hege, Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/197541
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/197541
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Evolution
Figitidae
Cynipidae
Inquilines
Parasitoids
Gall wasps
Gall inducers
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spelling Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall waspsRonquist, FredrikNylander, Johan A. A.Vårdal, HegeNieves-Aldrey, J. L.EvolutionFigitidaeCynipidaeInquilinesParasitoidsGall waspsGall inducersBy mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genus Parnips. Dissections of mature galls show that Parnips nigripes is a parasitoid of Barbotinia oraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (Papaver rhoeas and P. dubium). Galls with pupae of Parnips nigripes always contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva of B. oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva of P. nigripes are small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight of P. nigripes pupae closely match that of the same sex of B. oraniensis pupae, indicating that Parnips makes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositing Parnips females lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species of Parnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid of Iraella hispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest that Parnips shares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall inducers evolved rapidly from these ancestral parasitoids, or whether they were preceded by a long series of intermediate forms that were phytophagous inquilines.This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council, grant 2014-6521 (to FR). JLNA was supported by research projects CGL2010-15786/BOS and (MINECO/FEDER, UE) CGL2015-66571-PPeer ReviewedPensoft PublishersSwedish Research CouncilMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2020202020182020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/197541reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2015-66571-Phttps://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.24115Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1975412026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
title Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
spellingShingle Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
Ronquist, Fredrik
Evolution
Figitidae
Cynipidae
Inquilines
Parasitoids
Gall wasps
Gall inducers
title_short Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
title_full Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
title_fullStr Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
title_full_unstemmed Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
title_sort Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ronquist, Fredrik
Nylander, Johan A. A.
Vårdal, Hege
Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.
author Ronquist, Fredrik
author_facet Ronquist, Fredrik
Nylander, Johan A. A.
Vårdal, Hege
Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.
author_role author
author2 Nylander, Johan A. A.
Vårdal, Hege
Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Swedish Research Council
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Evolution
Figitidae
Cynipidae
Inquilines
Parasitoids
Gall wasps
Gall inducers
topic Evolution
Figitidae
Cynipidae
Inquilines
Parasitoids
Gall wasps
Gall inducers
description By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genus Parnips. Dissections of mature galls show that Parnips nigripes is a parasitoid of Barbotinia oraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (Papaver rhoeas and P. dubium). Galls with pupae of Parnips nigripes always contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva of B. oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva of P. nigripes are small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight of P. nigripes pupae closely match that of the same sex of B. oraniensis pupae, indicating that Parnips makes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositing Parnips females lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species of Parnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid of Iraella hispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest that Parnips shares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall inducers evolved rapidly from these ancestral parasitoids, or whether they were preceded by a long series of intermediate forms that were phytophagous inquilines.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/197541
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/197541
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2015-66571-P
https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.24115
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Pensoft Publishers
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Pensoft Publishers
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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